Total Binding energy for all isotopes.

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chrismb
Posts: 3161
Joined: Sat Dec 13, 2008 6:00 pm

Post by chrismb »

Not much more I can do here...

Maybe I can rotate the graph, if that makes it more obvious which way the 'total binding energy' axis goes....

Image

KitemanSA
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Location: OlyPen WA

Post by KitemanSA »

D Tibbets wrote: That Ni62 is the peak, tells you that energy can be released as you approach this point from either side- fusion of lighter elements and fission of heavier elements. The claim that fusion will continue to release energy past Ni62 is the bone of contention.
Again, it depends on how you define "fusion". Most people have buried in their definition of "fusion" the assumption that like size particles are involve. D-D, D-T, C-C, 28Si+30Si=58Ni... So "fusion" is the combination of LIKE size smaller particles. To them "fusion" would be Ni+Ni and your implication above holds. Attempting to "fuse" Ni nuclei would be endothermic. But "fusing" a VERY small particle (n, p, D(?)) to ANYTHING (except the A=4,12,16?,20? chain) is still exothermic, no matter WHAT the other particle is. This is because the binding energy (either per nucleon or per nucleus) of the REALLY small particles is so low to start with.
Then he wrote:I have given astronomical considerations that I think would have obvious and possibly dire consequences if this occurred. I have also included multiple quotes from authoritative sources that state the fusion/ fission energy balance in relation to Ni62 (in some they use Fe56). That these are completely ignored is what is appalling. That my efforts at clarification may be inept is irrelevant.
Said statements of the energy balance have NOT been ignored. I have made MULTIPLE references to Ni+Ni being endothermic in complete agreement with your sources. You just seem to be totally unwilling to grasp the point that said statement are about LIKE SIZE PARTICLES. Not about nuclear transmutation in the manner of Ni+p.
"Fusion" (like size) above ~Ni: endothermic. We agree.
"Transmutation" (A=1 onto anything): EXOthermic. Not part of any of the discussions you have generated. Until you find a trusted source about that condition, you ovbviously will fail to comprehend. Sorry.

D Tibbets
Posts: 2775
Joined: Thu Jun 26, 2008 6:52 am

Post by D Tibbets »

[ EDIT] Note that there are errors in this post. See my next post for a more reasoned and fact supported analysis.

Let me try some algebra.

Binding energy/ nucleon chart gives values from ~ 0- 8.9 MeV on the low side of Ni62 and ~ 8.9 MeV to ~ 6 MeV on the high side (these numbers are approximations).

f(x) = a/b *c
f(x)= energy yield
a= binding energy
b= nucleon
c= number of nucleons in the nucleus

The values are emperically determined from the graph and I have linked at least one source derived ~ values.

Solving for the equation for Ni62 yields:
energy yield for Ni62 + P ---> Cu63
8.9 MeV / nuclon * 62 nucleons ---> 8.7 MeV/ nucleon * 63 = 551 MeV ---> 548 MeV . The total binding energy drops by ~ 3 MeV. As this binding energy represents the energy released, it is clear that it took more energy to make the Ni62, than it did to make the Cu63. This is an endothermic reaction.

This is only one simple example, and admittedly the empirical MeV numbers per nucleon is estimates, but I think this shows the trend.

A second example: Ni61 + P ---> Ni62
8.7 Mev/nucleon * 61 nucleons ---> 8.9 MeV/ nucleon * 62 nucleons = 531 MeV ---> 551 MeV The total binding energy increases by ~ 20 MeV. This is exothermic.

P +P +P... (total of 62 protons) ---> Ni62 = ~ 0MeV/ nucleon* 62 nucleons ---> 8.9 MeV/ nucleon *62 nucleons= ~ 0 MeV ---> 551 MeV. An increase of a lot of energy. If this reaction was even possible it would be exceeding rare for 62 protons (and / or neutrons) to come together and sticking in one step.
That is why nucleosynthesis proceeds primarily through the addition of two, or at most three parent particles/ nuclei. So hydrogen makes deuterium, deuterium makes helium and tritium, etc. It becomes more complex , but this is the general picture.

Is the Ni61 to Ni 62 reaction more likely than Ni62 to Cu63? I don't know. I suspect it is a little easier as the coulomb barrier is not quite as high, but this is irrelevant to this argument. The point is that the Cu63 nucleus has less binding energy per nucleon and thus less total binding energy than Ni62. This discrepancy increases as you move away from Ni62 in either direction, with opposite results.
IE: The binding energy per nucleon drops off faster than the sum of the nucleons can compensate for.

There are combinations where you might get net energy (exothermic) fusion ( or neucleosynthesis) reactions by combining elements lighter than Ni62 into elements heavier than Ni62, but only if the entire energy balance for all of the ingredients is accounted for.
eg: made up reaction- Cl35 + Cl35 ---> Mu70* + exothermic energy. If this is exothermic, it is due to the difference in energy between the two chlorine isotopes and Ni62 is greater than the energy difference between Ni62 and Mu70.
You could make up any reaction, even if it is statistically almost impossible to occur, but so long as you considered the energy difference between the reactants and products relative to Ni62, you can predict the energy balance outcome.

* Mu70 is an isotope of the element Madeupium.

Using Ni62 +Ni 62 ---> Mu124 as a potential reaction (it would be exceedingly unlikely to occur due to the huge Coulomb repulsion that would need to be overcome).
Total energy balance = 8.9 MeV/ nucleon * 62 nucleons + 8.9 MeV/ nucleon * 62 nucleons ---> ~ 7 MeV/ nucleon * 124 nucleons = ~ 1002 MeV ---> 870 MeV. This a decrease of ~ 130 MeV. An endothermic reaction.

I used made up numbers or recollected ~ numbers for the binding energy per nucleon. If you feel that my results are biased, I invite you to use accurate numbers to do the calculations. If you find contrary results I will be flabbergasted.

Note my description of the energy balance might be considered positive or negative for the reactions depending on how you interpret the final energy balance. Using the reciprocals of the binding energy/ nucleon may clarify the picture some. In any case, that energy is generated (heat) by fusing of light elements like tritium and deuterium, and the fissioning of Ur235 makes the direction of the energy flow obvious.

Dan Tibbets
Last edited by D Tibbets on Sun Jun 19, 2011 5:09 pm, edited 1 time in total.
To error is human... and I'm very human.

chrismb
Posts: 3161
Joined: Sat Dec 13, 2008 6:00 pm

Post by chrismb »

D Tibbets wrote:Solving for the equation for Ni62 yields:
energy yield for Ni62 + P ---> Cu63
8.9 MeV / nuclon * 62 nucleons ---> 8.7 MeV/ nucleon * 63 = 551 MeV ---> 548 MeV . The total binding energy drops by ~ 3 MeV. As this binding energy represents the energy released, it is clear that it took more energy to make the Ni62, than it did to make the Cu63. This is an endothermic reaction.
Total binding energy for 62Ni = 545.25881 MeV

Total binding energy for 63Cu = 551.38125 MeV

I don't understand where you got your figures from, Dan.

KitemanSA
Posts: 6179
Joined: Sun Sep 28, 2008 3:05 pm
Location: OlyPen WA

Post by KitemanSA »

D Tibbets wrote:Let me try some algebra.
...
Solving for the equation for Ni62 yields:
energy yield for Ni62 + P ---> Cu63
8.9 MeV / nuclon * 62 nucleons ---> 8.7 MeV/ nucleon * 63 = 551 MeV ---> 548 MeV . The total binding energy drops by ~ 3 MeV. As this binding energy represents the energy released, it is clear that it took more energy to make the Ni62, than it did to make the Cu63. This is an endothermic reaction.
This would be correct if the values were real.
Then he wrote: I used made up numbers or recollected ~ numbers for the binding energy per nucleon. If you feel that my results are biased, I invite you to use accurate numbers to do the calculations. If you find contrary results I will be flabbergasted.
Real numbers are ~ 8.78 for 62Ni and 8.758 for Cu63. Thus, using your arithmatic...

Code: Select all

Ni: 8.78*62 ~ 544
Cu: 8.76*63 ~ 552
Copper has more than Nickel. EXOthermic.

[Edit]Dang! He beat me to it![/Edit]

D Tibbets
Posts: 2775
Joined: Thu Jun 26, 2008 6:52 am

Post by D Tibbets »

chrismb wrote:
D Tibbets wrote:Solving for the equation for Ni62 yields:
energy yield for Ni62 + P ---> Cu63
8.9 MeV / nuclon * 62 nucleons ---> 8.7 MeV/ nucleon * 63 = 551 MeV ---> 548 MeV . The total binding energy drops by ~ 3 MeV. As this binding energy represents the energy released, it is clear that it took more energy to make the Ni62, than it did to make the Cu63. This is an endothermic reaction.
Total binding energy for 62Ni = 545.25881 MeV

Total binding energy for 63Cu = 551.38125 MeV

I don't understand where you got your figures from, Dan.
My prevous post was as clear as mud, and also innacurate as well. I used faulty recall and numbers necessary to get the answer I wanted. In effect I am flabbergasted! My target was backwards (+/_ ) and my made up numbers were wrong.

So, I'll try once again. This time I used real referenced values, and hopefully resolved the significance of the Total binding energy (BE) of the reactants and product(?) to the endothermic or exothermic energy balance.

First peruse these new links:
-------------------------
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fusion
--------------------------
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binding_energy
---------------------------------
http://library.thinkquest.org/17940/tex ... nergy.html
------------------------------------------------
http://tap.iop.org/atoms/stability/525/file_47244.pdf
--------------------------------------------
http://electron6.phys.utk.edu/phys250/m ... erties.htm
"The importance of knowing the nuclear binding energy per nucleon is that it tells us whether energy will be released in a particular nuclear reaction. If the somewhat weakly bound uranium nucleus (7.41 MeV/ nucleon) splits into two more tightly bound nuclei like cesium (8.16 MeV/nucleon) and zirconium (8.41 MeV/ nucleon), energy is released. At the other end of the graph, if we combine two weakly bound deuterium nuclei (2.8 MeV/nucleon) to form a more tightly bound Helium 4 nucleus (7.1 MeV/nucleon), energy is also released. Any reaction that moves us toward the Iron 56 nucleus releases energy. "
------------------------------------------
For some RADIATION PHYSICS PRINCIPLES

http://www.med.harvard.edu/JPNM/physics ... /main.html

and this subsection-

http://www.science.uwaterloo.ca/~cchieh ... table.html

"Ni62 = BE avg/nucleon 8.795 BE 545.259
Pb206 = BE avg/nucleon 7.875 BE 1622.693
Ca40 = BE avg/nucleon 8.551 BE 342.052"

Note that these referenced BE avg/ nucleon numbers are the average for that isotope. The process of building that isotope actually has different BE/ nucleon as each subsequent isotope is built. The average Be/ nucleon is the result of averaging all of these steps. I don't think which pathway to reach the isotope makes much if any difference in this context

---------------------------------------
http://www.chem.umass.edu/people/adams/ ... energy.pdf
Cu63 = BE avg/nucleon= 8.76 , and the derived BE= 551.8 MeV



BE= BEave/nucleon * number of nucleons.


Examples based on the above numbers:

To add one nucleon to Ni62 = 8.795 BE avg/nucleon * 62 nucleons= 545.25 MeV (matches the number above)
Resultant Cu63= 8.76/ nucleon * 63 nucleons = 551 MeV.
The binding energy has increased by ~6 MeV

To add one nucleon to Ca40= 8.551/ nucleon *41 nucleons= 538 MeV. Compared to Ca 40 which has a BE of 342.052 MeV, this represents a BE of ~ - 196. The binding energy has decreased.

To add one nucleon to Pb206 = 8.551/ nucleon *207 nucleons= 1630 MeV. Compared to Pb206 the binding energy has increased by ~ 7.5 MeV

Using these referenced and hopefully accurate numbers within these three example, several things are obvious. A fusion below Ni62 resulted in a loss of binding energy, while the two examples of of fusion above Ni62 resulted in increased binding energy. Also note the greater difference with Ca40. This fits with the relative slopes of the graph of the binding energy per nucleon.(steeper on the low mass side).
The opposite signs on the Binding Energy results demonstrates the difference of exothermic vs endothermic reactions as Ni62 is approached and then passed. It also fits with my often stated understanding that nucleosynthesis (or breakdown) that approaches Ni62 is generally exothermic, while the opposite trends are endothermic.

Hopefully this clears up for me (and others?) why reactions that increase the binding energy are endothermic (you have to put energy into the system), while reactions that lower the binding energy of the total product nucleus releases energy (there is excess energy that will be released as it is no longer bound up in the binding energy).

This and the additional links and quotes brings me closer to the truth. At least my truth, and hopefully the truth for others- mostly based on the referenced links. :twisted:

PS: I had to hunt for some isotope binding energy per nucleon data. I never have found a table of accurate data that gives the numbers for most isotopes. As I have not seen the data for ChrisMB's chart, I'm not sure of it's utility. Assuming it shows the total binding energy per nucleus, it should be translatable to the classic binding energy/nucleon chart simply by dividing the point values by the MW at that point. That would still not give any more accuracy than the other chart, at least not accuracy (resolution?) necessary for the above calculations.

Dan Tibbets
To error is human... and I'm very human.

chrismb
Posts: 3161
Joined: Sat Dec 13, 2008 6:00 pm

Post by chrismb »

D Tibbets wrote:This and the additional links and quotes brings me closer to the truth. At least my truth
Which direction is your search going now, Dan. You've argued your case, it is OK to recognise the error.

Your comments are still not yet entirely dismissed, though. As I said before, what the actual nature of nuclear thermodynamics is, I do not know, because there are other reactions that keep the Z below 62, yet are still exothermic.

For example - if you stick two deuterium molecule in a box with an oxygen molecule - if you raise the temp to 1000C then you'll get a chemical reaction, but if you raise it to 1E9 then you'll get a nuclear reaction. In other words, you do not always end up with the MAXIMUM change of system entropy. The same may apply here - whatever mystical processes underpin nuclear forces, do we end up with a 4He+59Co, or just a 63Cu. We know we CAN end up with a 63Cu, that is one outcome, but if we do not yet understand some given process [is it equivalent to the 1000C or the 1E9C experiment?] then how can we tell what the end point is?

I think what we can say is that if nuclear processes occur and you PUMP energy into a hydrogen/Ni system, then you might expect 4He and 12C flowing out of it. Eventually, given an indefinite amount of time, they'll all end up at one of those most-bound nucleii, 56Fe or so. Again, demonstrating that all is not obvious, 62Ni is quite rare in the universe, which, if thermodynamics was straightforward for the nuclear reactions of these most-bound systems, then you'd not expect that.

So, I hope that gives you a little face-saving, Dan. The argument is rational in the general case, but not if we specifically assume the p+62Ni->63Cu reaction. This must be exothermic, and we know it to be, it releases a gamma that takes that energy away.

chrismb
Posts: 3161
Joined: Sat Dec 13, 2008 6:00 pm

Post by chrismb »

AFAIK, this table provides what is considered the definitive atomic mass data to the finest resolution known, and with uncertainties quoted.

http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/masstables ... mass.mas03

chrismb
Posts: 3161
Joined: Sat Dec 13, 2008 6:00 pm

Post by chrismb »

This is my data list I used for the plot.

Aren't I so generous to y'all!!...

Can't say I've checked it for transcription errors, but there it is:
Isotope, mass excess, binding energy, mass, binding energy/nucleon. Space deliminated. Units in keV.


1-H 7288.97 0 1007825.03 0
1-n 8071.32 0 1008664.92 0
2-H 13135.72 2224.57 2014101.78 1112.29
3-He 14931.2 7718.06 3016029.31 2572.69
3-H 14949.79 8481.82 3016049.27 2827.27
4-Li 25320.17 4618.06 4027182.33 1154.51
4-H 25927.78 5575.15 4027834.63 1393.79
4-He 2424.91 28295.67 4002603.25 7073.92
5-Be 37996 -768 5040790 -153.6
5-H 36833.98 2740.28 5039542.91 548.06
5-Li 11678.88 26330.67 5012537.8 5266.13
5-He 11386.23 27405.67 5012223.63 5481.13
6-H 41863.76 5781.82 6044942.61 963.64
6-Be 18374.47 26924.06 6019725.8 4487.34
6-He 17594.12 29269.11 6018888.07 4878.18
6-Li 14086.31 31994.56 6015122.28 5332.43
7-B 27867.86 24719.63 7029917.39 3531.38
7-He 26110.26 28824.29 7028030.53 4117.76
7-Be 15769.49 37600.36 7016929.25 5371.48
7-Li 14907.67 39244.53 7016004.05 5606.36
8-C 35094.06 24782.41 8037675.03 3097.8
8-He 31597.98 31407.89 8033921.84 3925.99
8-B 22921 37737.81 8024606.71 4717.23
8-Li 20946.2 41277.33 8022486.67 5159.67
8-Be 4941.66 56499.51 8005305.09 7062.44
9-He 40818.36 30258.84 9043820.32 3362.09
9-C 28913.65 39034.14 9031040.09 4337.13
9-Li 24953.9 45340.94 9026789.12 5037.88
9-B 12415.7 56314.44 9013328.81 6257.16
9-Be 11347.58 58164.91 9012182.14 6462.77
10-He 48810.01 30338.51 10052399.71 3033.85
10-N 39699 35538 10042618 3553.8
10-Li 33050.23 45315.94 10035480.88 4531.59
10-C 15698.57 60320.54 10016853.11 6032.05
10-B 12050.76 64750.7 10012937.03 6475.07
10-Be 12606.58 64977.24 10013533.72 6497.72
11-Li 40795.86 45641.63 11043796.17 4149.24
11-N 24960.52 58347.56 11026796.23 5304.32
11-Be 20173.97 65481.17 11021657.65 5952.83
11-C 10650.53 73439.9 11011433.82 6676.35
11-B 8667.98 76204.8 11009305.47 6927.71
12-Li 50096 44413 12053780 3701.08
12-O 32047.84 58549.21 12034404.78 4879.1
12-Be 25076.4 68650.06 12026920.63 5720.84
12-N 17338.08 74041.32 12018613.2 6170.11
12-B 13368.9 79575.21 12014352.11 6631.27
12-C 0 92161.75 12000000 7680.15
13-Be 33658.45 68139.34 13036133.83 5241.49
13-O 23110.74 75557.63 13024810.4 5812.13
13-B 16562.21 84453.22 13017780.27 6496.4
13-N 5345.46 94105.27 13005738.58 7238.87
13-C 3125.01 97108.07 13003354.84 7469.85
14-Be 39882.4 69986.71 14042815.52 4999.05
14-F 33608 72349 14036080 5167.79
14-B 23663.73 85423.02 14025404.06 6101.64
14-O 8006.46 98733.24 14008595.29 7052.37
14-N 2863.42 104658.63 14003074.01 7475.62
14-C 3019.89 105284.51 14003241.99 7520.32
15-B 28966.94 88191.14 15031097.29 5879.41
15-F 16777 97251.66 15018010.86 6483.44
15-C 9873.14 106502.58 15010599.26 7100.17
15-O 2855.39 111955.63 15003065.39 7463.71
15-N 101.44 115491.93 15000108.9 7699.46
16-B 37081.69 88147.71 16039808.84 5509.23
16-Ne 23992.4 97325.23 16025756.91 6082.83
16-C 13694.12 110752.93 16014701.24 6922.06
16-F 10680.26 111419.73 16011465.73 6963.73
16-N 5683.43 117981.26 16006101.42 7373.83
16-O -4737 127619.34 15994914.62 7976.21
17-B 43716.31 89584.41 17046931.4 5269.67
17-C 21036.59 111481.78 17022583.71 6557.75
17-Ne 16485.17 112903.78 17017697.57 6641.4
17-N 7870.82 123865.2 17008449.67 7286.19
17-F 1951.7 128219.61 17002095.24 7542.33
17-O -809 131762.66 16999131.5 7750.74
18-B 52322 89050 18056170 4947.22
18-Na 25318 111360 18027180 6186.67
18-C 24924.04 115665.66 18026757.06 6425.87
18-N 13117.14 126690.2 18014081.83 7038.34
18-Ne 5306.78 132153.5 18005697.07 7341.86
18-F 873.43 137369.2 18000937.67 7631.62
18-O -782.06 139807.05 17999160.42 7767.06
19-B 59364 90079 19063730 4741
19-C 32833.38 115827.63 19035248.09 6096.19
19-Na 12928.62 131820.62 19013879.45 6937.93
19-N 15860.45 132018.21 19017026.9 6948.33
19-O 3333.57 143762.74 19003578.73 7566.46
19-Ne 1751.06 143780.54 19001879.84 7567.4
19-F -1487.41 147801.36 18998403.21 7779.02
20-C 37560.06 119172.27 20040322.4 5958.61
20-N 21766.49 134183.49 20023367.3 6709.17
20-Mg 17570.53 134467.69 20018862.74 6723.38
20-Na 6844.86 145975.71 20007348.26 7298.79
20-O 3796.91 151370.72 20004076.15 7568.54
20-F -17.4 154402.67 19999981.32 7720.13
20-Ne -7041.93 160644.85 19992440.18 8032.24
21-C 45960 118844 21049340 5659.24
21-Al 26119 133208 21028040 6343.24
21-N 25231.91 138789.4 21027087.57 6609.02
21-Mg 10911.68 149197.86 21011714.17 7104.66
21-O 8061.74 155177.22 21008654.63 7389.39
21-F -47.58 162504.18 20999948.92 7738.29
21-Na -2184.26 163076.15 20997655.1 7765.53
21-Ne -5731.72 167405.97 20993846.74 7971.71
22-C 52583 120292 22056450 5467.82
22-Si 32164 134452 22034530 6111.45
22-N 32080.89 140011.74 22034440.26 6364.17
22-Al 18183 149216 22019520 6782.55
22-O 9284.35 162025.93 22009967.16 7364.81
22-F 2793.78 167734.14 22002999.25 7624.28
22-Mg -396.77 168577.63 21999574.06 7662.62
22-Na -5182.1 174145.32 21994436.78 7915.7
22-Ne -8024.34 177769.91 21991385.51 8080.45
23-N 37735 142429 23040510 6192.57
23-Si 23772 150916 23025520 6561.57
23-O 14616.37 164765.22 23015691.33 7163.71
23-Al 6767.21 168702.62 23007264.9 7334.9
23-F 3329.52 175269.73 23003574.39 7620.42
23-Mg -5472.67 181724.85 22994124.85 7901.08
23-Ne -5153.64 182970.53 22994467.34 7955.24
23-Na -9529.49 186564.02 22989769.68 8111.48
24-N 47040 141195 24050500 5883.13
24-P 31997 149980 24034350 6249.17
24-O 18974.46 168478.46 24020369.92 7019.94
24-Si 10754.76 172004.04 24011545.71 7166.84
24-F 7544.51 179126.05 24008099.37 7463.59
24-Al -55.04 183596.19 23999940.91 7649.84
24-Ne -5947.52 191835.73 23993615.07 7993.16
24-Na -8417.6 193523.46 23990963.33 8063.48
24-Mg -13933.38 198256.89 23985041.9 8260.7
25-O 27144 168381 25029140 6735.24
25-P 18872 171176 25020260 6847.04
25-F 11266.38 183475.51 25012094.96 7339.02
25-Si 3825.31 187004.81 25004106.64 7480.19
25-Ne -2058.7 196018.23 24997789.9 7840.73
25-Al -8915.74 200528.22 24990428.56 8021.13
25-Na -9357.46 202534.64 24989954.35 8101.39
25-Mg -13192.73 205587.56 24985837.02 8223.5
26-O 35164 168432 26037750 6478.15
26-S 25970 171367 26027880 6591.04
26-F 18288.17 184525.05 26019633.16 7097.12
26-P 10973 187146 26011780 7197.92
26-Ne 429.88 201600.98 26000461.5 7753.88
26-Si -7144.62 206046.06 25992329.94 7924.85
26-Na -6902.47 208150.97 25992589.9 8005.81
26-Al -12210.34 211894.14 25986891.66 8149.77
26-Mg -16214.48 216680.63 25982593.04 8333.87
27-F 25050.03 185834.51 27026892.32 6882.76
27-S 17507 187901 27018795 6959.3
27-Ne 7093.51 203008.67 27007615.2 7518.84
27-P -752.98 206943.39 26999191.65 7664.57
27-Na -5580.86 214900.69 26994008.7 7959.28
27-Si -12384.43 219357.2 26986704.76 8124.34
27-Mg -14586.5 223123.98 26984340.74 8263.85
27-Al -17196.83 224951.95 26981538.44 8331.55
28-F 33226 185729 28035670 6633.18
28-Cl 26557 186140 28028510 6647.86
28-Ne 11278.6 206894.91 28012108.07 7389.1
28-S 4073.11 209406.28 28004372.66 7478.8
28-Na -1033.58 218424.73 27998890.41 7800.88
28-P -7161.02 221422.76 27992312.33 7907.96
28-Mg -15018.75 231627.55 27983876.7 8272.41
28-Al -16850.55 232677 27981910.18 8309.89
28-Si -21492.79 236536.88 27976926.53 8447.75
29-F 40296 186731 29043260 6439
29-Cl 13143 207625 29014110 7159.48
29-Ne 18020.59 208224.24 29019345.9 7180.15
29-Na 2618.71 222843.76 29002811.3 7684.27
29-S -3158.88 224709.59 28996608.81 7748.61
29-Mg -10661.19 235341.31 28988554.74 8115.22
29-P -16951.91 239284.97 28981801.38 8251.21
29-Al -18215.5 242113.27 28980444.85 8348.73
29-Si -21895.03 245010.44 28976494.72 8448.64
30-Ar 20083 207974 30021560 6932.47
30-Ne 22236.62 212079.53 30023872 7069.32
30-Cl 4443 224396 30004770 7479.87
30-Na 8594.42 224939.38 30009226.49 7497.98
30-Mg -8882.23 241633.68 29990464.53 8054.46
30-S -14062.81 243684.84 29984902.95 8122.83
30-Al -15872.37 247841.46 29982960.3 8261.38
30-P -20200.56 250604.94 29978313.81 8353.5
30-Si -24432.88 255619.62 29973770.22 8520.65
31-Ne 30842 211546 31033110 6824.06
31-Ar 11296 224833 31012126 7252.68
31-Na 12663.76 228941.36 31013595.11 7385.21
31-Cl -7064.44 243975.44 30992416.01 7870.18
31-Mg -3215.09 244037.86 30996548.46 7872.19
31-Al -14954.18 254994.59 30983946.02 8225.63
31-S -19044.93 256738.28 30979554.42 8281.88
31-Si -22948.96 262207.02 30975363.28 8458.29
31-P -24440.99 262916.7 30973761.51 8481.18
32-Ne 37176 213283 32039910 6665.09
32-K 20418 222999 32021920 6968.72
32-Na 18303.66 231372.78 32019649.79 7230.4
32-Ar -2179.08 246379.05 31997660.66 7699.35
32-Mg -795.6 249689.69 31999145.89 7802.8
32-Cl -13330.69 258313.02 31985688.91 8072.28
32-Al -11062.07 259173.8 31988124.38 8099.18
32-P -24305.32 270852.35 31973907.16 8464.14
32-Si -24080.86 271410.24 31974148.13 8481.57
32-S -26015.98 271780.66 31972070.69 8493.15
33-Na 25509.89 232237.87 33027386 7037.51
33-K 6763 244726 33007260 7415.94
33-Mg 5204.23 251761.18 33005586.98 7629.13
33-Ar -9381.34 261652.63 32989928.72 7928.87
33-Al -8504.92 264687.98 32990869.59 8020.85
33-Cl -21003.51 274057.16 32977451.8 8304.76
33-Si -20492.38 275893.09 32978000.52 8360.4
33-S -26586.24 280422.23 32971458.5 8497.64
33-P -26337.73 280956.08 32971725.28 8513.82
34-Na 32509 233310 34034900 6862.06
34-Ca 13153 245625 34014120 7224.26
34-Mg 8450.92 256585.81 34009072.44 7546.64
34-K -1481 261041 33998410 7677.68
34-Al -2862.24 267116.62 33996927.26 7856.37
34-Ar -18378.26 278720.88 33980270.12 8197.67
34-Si -19956.56 283428.59 33978575.75 8336.14
34-Cl -24440.57 285565.53 33973761.97 8398.99
34-P -24557.55 287247.22 33973636.38 8448.45
34-S -29931.85 291839.17 33967866.83 8583.51
35-Na 41153 232737 35044180 6649.63
35-Mg 16292 256816 35017490 7337.6
35-Ca 4439 262411 35004765 7497.46
35-Al -58.08 272383.78 34999937.65 7782.39
35-K -11167.11 278798.69 34988011.62 7965.68
35-Si -14359.76 285903.11 34984584.16 8168.66
35-Ar -23048.21 291462.14 34975256.73 8327.49
35-P -24857.61 295618.61 34973314.25 8446.25
35-Cl -29013.51 298209.8 34968852.71 8520.28
35-S -28846.37 298825.02 34969032.14 8537.86
36-Sc 13898 260240 36014920 7228.89
36-Mg 20912 260267 36022450 7229.64
36-Al 5916.38 274480.64 36006351.5 7624.46
36-Ca -6439.2 281359.75 35993087.23 7815.55
36-Si -12400.64 292015.31 35986687.36 8111.54
36-K -17425.08 293127.98 35981293.41 8142.44
36-P -20250.84 299083.16 35978259.82 8307.87
36-Ar -30230.44 306715.7 35967546.28 8519.88
36-Cl -29521.89 306789.5 35968306.95 8521.93
36-S -30663.96 308713.93 35967080.88 8575.39
37-Mg 29100 260151 37031240 7031.11
37-Al 9603.7 278864.65 37010310 7536.88
37-Sc 2841 279368 37003050 7550.49
37-Si -6524.19 294210.19 36992995.99 7951.63
37-Ca -13160.61 296152.48 36985871.51 8004.12
37-P -18994.71 305898.35 36979608.34 8267.52
37-K -24799.24 308573.47 36973376.92 8339.82
37-S -26896.22 313017.51 36971125.72 8459.93
37-Ar -30948.03 315504.62 36966775.91 8527.15
37-Cl -31761.52 317100.46 36965902.6 8570.28
38-Ti 9101 280398 38009770 7378.89
38-Al 15742 280797 38016900 7389.39
38-Sc -4937 295218 37994700 7768.89
38-Si -3744.61 299501.92 37995980 7881.63
38-P -14466.1 309441.07 37984470 8143.19
38-Ca -22059.04 313122.24 37976318.64 8240.06
38-K -28801.69 320647.24 37969080.11 8438.09
38-S -26861.08 321053.69 37971163.44 8448.78
38-Cl -29797.98 323208.24 37968010.55 8505.48
38-Ar -34714.76 327342.67 37962732.16 8614.28
39-Al 20400 284211 39021900 7287.46
39-Ti 1232 296338 39001323 7598.41
39-Si 2142 301686 39002300 7735.54
39-Sc -14168.01 312520.18 38984790.01 8013.34
39-P -12649.69 315695.98 38986420 8094.77
39-S -23161.34 325425.27 38975135.28 8344.24
39-Ca -27276.26 326410.78 38970717.73 8369.51
39-Cl -29800.65 331282.23 38968007.68 8494.42
39-K -33806.84 333723.71 38963706.86 8557.02
39-Ar -33241.84 333941.07 38964313.41 8562.59
40-V 10330 294529 40011090 7363.23
40-Si 5403 306497 40005800 7662.43
40-Ti -8850.21 314491.35 39990498.91 7862.28
40-P -8336.87 319454.48 39991050 7986.36
40-Sc -20526.39 326949.88 39977964.01 8173.75
40-S -22849.54 333184.8 39975470 8329.62
40-Cl -27557.73 337110.63 39970415.56 8427.77
40-K -33535.02 341523.21 39963998.67 8538.08
40-Ca -34846.11 342051.95 39962591.16 8551.3
40-Ar -35039.89 343810.44 39962383.12 8595.26
41-Si 11830 308141 41012700 7515.63
41-V -242 313172 40999740 7638.34
41-P -4843.77 324032.7 40994800 7903.24
41-Ti -15713 329426 40983131 8034.78
41-S -18601.93 337008.51 40980030 8219.72
41-Sc -28642.21 343137.02 40969251.32 8369.2
41-Cl -27339.15 344963.38 40970650.21 8413.74
41-Ar -33067.26 349909.14 40964500.83 8534.37
41-Ca -35137.49 350414.65 40962278.35 8546.7
41-K -35558.87 351618.39 40961825.97 8576.06
42-Si 14997 313046 42016100 7453.48
42-Cr 5990 314230 42006430 7481.67
42-P 84 327176 42000090 7789.9
42-V -8169 329171 41991230 7837.4
42-S -17241.95 343719.86 41981490 8183.81
42-Ti -25120.88 346904.66 41973031.62 8259.63
42-Cl -24987.33 350682.88 41973174.99 8349.59
42-Sc -32120.93 354687.06 41965516.76 8444.93
42-K -35021.32 359152.16 41962403.06 8551.24
42-Ar -34422.07 359335.26 41963046.39 8555.6
42-Ca -38546.77 361895.25 41958618.34 8616.55
43-Cr -2136 330426 42997707 7684.33
43-P 3083 332248 43003310 7726.7
43-S -12482.02 347031.24 42986600 8070.49
43-V -18024 347097 42980650 8072.02
43-Cl -24029.39 357796.26 42974203.39 8320.84
43-Ti -29320.31 359175.42 42968523.34 8352.92
43-Ar -31977.53 364962.05 42965670.7 8487.49
43-Sc -36187.62 366825.08 42961150.98 8530.82
43-K -36593.04 368795.21 42960715.75 8576.63
43-Ca -38408.44 369828.25 42958766.83 8600.66
44-Mn 6399 329180 44006870 7481.36
44-P 9203 334200 44009880 7595.45
44-Cr -13535 349896 43985470 7952.18
44-S -10880 353500 43988320 8034.09
44-V -23846 360990 43974400 8204.32
44-Cl -19991.06 361829.25 43978538.71 8223.39
44-Ar -32262.04 373317.88 43965365.27 8484.5
44-Ti -37548.3 375474.73 43959690.24 8533.52
44-K -35810.21 376083.7 43961556.15 8547.36
44-Sc -37815.81 376524.59 43959403.05 8557.38
44-Ca -41469.09 380960.22 43955481.09 8658.19
45-Fe 13563 329306 45014560 7317.91
45-P 14103 337371 45015140 7497.13
45-Mn -5114 348765 44994510 7750.33
45-S -4825 355517 44994820 7900.38
45-Cr -19412 363845 44979160 8085.44
45-Cl -18909.33 368818.84 44979700 8195.97
45-V -31873.59 377088.99 44965782.29 8379.76
45-Ar -29719.33 378846.5 44968094.98 8418.81
45-K -36608.03 384952.84 44960699.66 8554.51
45-Ti -39006.91 385004.66 44958124.35 8555.66
45-Sc -41069.34 387849.44 44955910.24 8618.88
45-Ca -40812.53 388374.99 44956185.94 8630.56
46-P 22197 337348 46023830 7333.65
46-Fe 755 350185 46000810 7612.72
46-S -401 359164 45999570 7807.91
46-Mn -12370 364092 45986720 7915.04
46-Cl -14792 372773 45984120 8103.76
46-Cr -29470.93 381975.3 45968361.65 8303.81
46-Ar -29720.74 386919.23 45968093.47 8411.29
46-V -37073.93 390360.65 45960199.49 8486.1
46-K -35418.93 391835.07 45961976.2 8518.15
46-Sc -41758.64 396610.06 45955170.25 8621.96
46-Ti -44125.34 398194.41 45952629.49 8656.4
46-Ca -43134.91 398768.69 45953692.76 8668.88
47-S 7098 359737 47007620 7653.98
47-Fe -6623 365634 46992890 7779.45
47-Cl -11225 377277 46987950 8027.17
47-Mn -22263 382056 46976100 8128.85
47-Ar -25908.35 391178.16 46972186.24 8322.94
47-Cr -34552.36 395128.05 46962906.51 8406.98
47-K -35696.89 400184.35 46961677.81 8514.56
47-V -42003.93 403361.97 46954906.92 8582.17
47-Ca -42339.69 406044.8 46954546.46 8639.25
47-Ti -44931.73 407072.13 46951763.79 8661.11
47-Sc -44331.63 407254.38 46952408.03 8664.99
48-S 12100 362806 48012990 7558.46
48-Co 1639 364661 48001760 7597.1
48-Cl -4797 378921 47994850 7894.19
48-Fe -18108 385191 47980560 8024.81
48-Ar -23222 396563 47975070 8261.73
48-Mn -28997 396862 47968870 8267.96
48-K -32124.48 404683.26 47965512.95 8430.9
48-Cr -42815.31 411462.33 47954035.86 8572.13
48-V -44474.66 413904.03 47952254.48 8623
48-Sc -44492.81 415486.89 47952234.99 8655.98
48-Ca -44214.74 415991.17 47952533.51 8666.48
48-Ti -48487 418698.72 47947947.05 8722.89
49-S 20502 362475 49022010 7397.45
49-Cl -102 382297 48999890 7801.98
49-Co -9576 383947 48989720 7835.65
49-Ar -16599 398012 48982180 8122.69
49-Fe -24582 399736 48973610 8157.88
49-K -30320.05 410950.15 48967450.08 8386.74
49-Mn -37610.54 413546.52 48959623.42 8439.72
49-Ca -41290.05 421137.8 48955673.3 8594.65
49-Cr -45325.43 422043.77 48951341.14 8613.14
49-V -47956.18 425456.87 48948516.91 8682.79
49-Sc -46552.28 425617.67 48950024.07 8686.07
49-Ti -48558.04 426841.08 48947870.79 8711.04
50-Cl 7200 383066 50007730 7661.32
50-Ni -3791 385451 49995930 7709.02
50-Co -17195 399638 49981540 7992.76
50-Ar -13097 402581 49985940 8051.62
50-K -25352.63 414054.05 49972782.83 8281.08
50-Fe -34471.5 417696.45 49962993.32 8353.93
50-Mn -42621.47 426628.78 49954243.96 8532.58
50-Ca -39571.46 427490.53 49957518.29 8549.81
50-Sc -44537.51 431674.23 49952187.01 8633.48
50-V -49217.54 434789.55 49947162.79 8695.79
50-Cr -50254.46 435044.12 49946049.61 8700.88
50-Ti -51425.85 437780.21 49944792.07 8755.6
51-Cl 12603 385734 51013530 7563.41
51-Ni -11439 401170 50987720 7866.08
51-Ar -6297 403852 50993240 7918.67
51-Co -27274 417788 50970720 8191.92
51-K -22002 418775 50976380 8211.27
51-Fe -40217.31 431513.58 50956824.94 8461.05
51-Ca -35886.51 431876.91 50961474.24 8468.17
51-Sc -43218.8 438426.84 50953602.7 8596.6
51-Mn -48236.96 440315.58 50948215.49 8633.64
51-Ti -49726.85 444152.54 50946616.02 8708.87
51-Cr -51444.76 444305.74 50944771.77 8711.88
51-V -52197.49 445840.83 50943963.68 8741.98
52-Cu -2627 399647 51997180 7685.52
52-Ar -1705 407331 51998170 7833.29
52-Ni -22654 420457 51975680 8085.71
52-K -16199 421043 51982610 8096.98
52-Co -33916 432501 51963590 8317.33
52-Ca -32509.14 436570.85 51965100 8395.59
52-Sc -40380.26 443659.62 51956650 8531.92
52-Fe -48329.14 447696.74 51948116.53 8609.55
52-Mn -50701.14 450851.09 51945570.08 8670.21
52-Ti -49464.02 451961.04 51946898.18 8691.56
52-V -51437.41 453152.07 51944779.66 8714.46
52-Cr -55412.8 456345.1 51940511.9 8775.87
53-Ar 5800 407897 53006227 7696.17
53-Cu -13460 418552 52985550 7897.21
53-K -11998 424913 52987120 8017.23
53-Ni -29379 435254 52968460 8212.34
53-Ca -27898 440031 52970050 8302.47
53-Co -42639.15 449295.71 52954224.99 8477.28
53-Sc -37968 449318 52959240 8477.7
53-Ti -46824.6 457392.94 52949731.71 8630.06
53-Fe -50941.27 458380.19 52945312.28 8648.68
53-V -51844.6 461630.59 52944342.52 8710.01
53-Mn -54683.63 462904.9 52941294.7 8734.05
53-Cr -55280.64 464284.27 52940653.78 8760.08
54-Zn -6567 418948 53992950 7758.3
54-K -5598 426585 53993990 7899.72
54-Cu -21694 434858 53976710 8052.93
54-Ca -23585 443790 53974680 8218.33
54-Ni -39206.1 453151.64 53957910.51 8391.7
54-Sc -34465.27 453887.28 53963000 8405.32
54-Co -48005.33 462733.22 53948464.15 8569.13
54-Ti -45764.29 464403.95 53950870 8600.07
54-V -49886.73 467744.03 53946444.38 8661.93
54-Fe -56248.41 471758.65 53939614.84 8736.27
54-Mn -55551.27 471843.87 53940363.25 8737.85
54-Cr -56928.32 474003.27 53938884.92 8777.84
55-K -570 429628 54999388 7811.42
55-Zn -14923 435375 54983980 7915.91
55-Ca -18118 446393 54980550 8116.24
55-Cu -31624 452859 54966050 8233.8
55-Sc -30339 457832 54967430 8324.22
55-Ni -45329.91 467346.77 54951336.33 8497.21
55-Ti -41805.44 468516.42 54955120 8518.48
55-V -49147.3 475075.92 54947238.19 8637.74
55-Co -54023.71 476822.92 54942003.15 8669.51
55-Cr -55103.3 480249.57 54940844.16 8731.81
55-Fe -57475.01 481056.57 54938298.03 8746.48
55-Mn -57706.38 482070.3 54938049.64 8764.91
56-Ga -4741 432482 55994910 7722.89
56-Ca -13237 449584 55985790 8028.29
56-Zn -25728 454251 55972380 8111.63
56-Sc -25467 461032 55972660 8232.71
56-Cu -38601 467907 55958560 8355.48
56-Ti -39132.06 473914.36 55957990 8462.76
56-V -46239.36 480239.3 55950360 8575.7
56-Ni -53899.65 483987.83 55942136.34 8642.64
56-Co -56035 486905.54 55939843.94 8694.74
56-Cr -55288.6 488506.19 55940645.24 8723.32
56-Mn -56905.55 489340.79 55938909.37 8738.23
56-Fe -60601 492253.89 55934942.13 8790.25
57-Ca -7120 451539 56992356 7921.74
57-Ga -15901 451713 56982930 7924.79
57-Sc -21387 465023 56977040 8158.3
57-Zn -32686 469281 56964910 8233
57-Ti -34558 477412 56962900 8375.65
57-Cu -47305.27 484682.42 56949215.7 8503.2
57-V -44376.37 486447.64 56952360 8534.17
57-Cr -52392.99 493681.91 56943753.8 8661.09
57-Ni -56075.48 494234.98 56939800.49 8670.79
57-Mn -57484.85 497991.42 56938287.46 8736.69
57-Co -59339.67 498281.52 56936296.24 8741.78
57-Fe -60175.71 499899.92 56935398.71 8770.17
58-Ge -8374 451476 57991010 7784.07
58-Sc -15770 467477 57983070 8059.95
58-Ga -23986 467870 57974250 8066.72
58-Ti -31568 482493 57966110 8318.84
58-Zn -42293.11 486959.24 57954596.47 8395.85
58-V -40380.26 490522.85 57956650 8457.29
58-Cu -51659.97 497108.44 57944540.73 8570.84
58-Cr -51930.78 501291.02 57944250 8642.95
58-Mn -55902.25 504480.14 57939986.45 8697.93
58-Ni -60223.01 506453.84 57935347.92 8731.96
58-Co -59841.43 506854.61 57935757.57 8738.87
58-Fe -62148.84 509944.38 57933280.46 8792.14
59-Ge -17000 468172 58981750 7935.12
59-Sc -11140 470918 58988041 7981.66
59-Ti -26119 485115 58971960 8222.29
59-Ga -34121 486076 58963370 8238.58
59-V -37911.8 496125.72 58959300 8408.91
59-Zn -47257.41 499994.85 58949267.07 8474.49
59-Cr -47850.84 505282.4 58948630 8564.11
59-Cu -56351.55 509871.34 58939504.11 8641.89
59-Mn -55473.1 512122.31 58940447.17 8680.04
59-Ni -61151.13 515453.28 58934351.55 8736.5
59-Fe -60658.42 516525.28 58934880.49 8754.67
59-Co -62223.61 517308.11 58933200.19 8767.93
60-As -6399 464861 59993130 7747.68
60-Ge -27768 487012 59970190 8116.87
60-Ti -22691 489759 59975640 8162.65
60-V -33068.03 499353.27 59964500 8322.55
60-Ga -39998 500025 59957060 8333.75
60-Cr -46826.2 512329.08 59949730 8538.82
60-Zn -54183.11 514991.87 59941832.03 8583.2
60-Mn -52914.44 517634.98 59943194 8627.25
60-Cu -58341.21 519932.33 59937368.12 8665.54
60-Co -61644.22 524800.05 59933822.2 8746.67
60-Fe -61406.92 525345.1 59934076.94 8755.75
60-Ni -64468.1 526841.57 59930790.63 8780.69
61-As -18052 484585 60980620 7944.02
61-Ti -16750 491889 60982018 8063.75
61-Ge -33729 501045 60963790 8213.85
61-V -30357 504714 60967410 8274
61-Ga -47348 515446 60949170 8449.93
61-Cr -42764.88 516339.09 60954090 8464.58
61-Mn -51735.17 524527.03 60944460 8598.8
61-Zn -56342.43 525222.51 60939513.91 8610.21
61-Fe -58917.49 530926.99 60936749.46 8703.72
61-Cu -61979.57 531642.01 60933462.18 8715.44
61-Co -62895.04 534122.19 60932479.38 8756.1
61-Ni -64216.78 534661.57 60931060.44 8764.94
62-As -24964 499568 61973200 8057.55
62-V -25020 507448 61973140 8184.65
62-Ge -42243 517630 61954650 8348.87
62-Cr -41172.03 522817.56 61955800 8432.54
62-Ga -51996.35 528165.41 61944179.61 8518.8
62-Mn -48465.63 529328.81 61947970 8537.56
62-Zn -61167.35 538118.76 61934334.13 8679.33
62-Fe -58897.9 538978.72 61936770.5 8693.21
62-Cu -62794.52 540528.28 61932587.3 8718.2
62-Co -61428.1 540726.57 61934054.21 8721.4
62-Ni -66742.69 545258.81 61928348.76 8794.5
63-V -21657 512156 62976750 8129.46
63-As -33823 516498 62963690 8198.38
63-Cr -35527 525244 62961860 8337.21
63-Ge -46910 530368 62949640 8418.54
63-Mn -46751.68 535686.18 62949810 8502.96
63-Ga -56689.29 540929.68 62939141.53 8586.19
63-Fe -55779.3 543931.45 62940118.44 8633.83
63-Zn -62209.29 547232.03 62933215.56 8686.22
63-Co -61837.02 549206.81 62933615.22 8717.57
63-Cu -65576.16 551381.25 62929601.08 8752.08
63-Ni -65509.22 552096.66 62929672.95 8763.44
64-As -39521 530268 63957572 8285.44
64-Cr -33347 531136 63964200 8299
64-Mn -43100.22 540106.05 63953730 8439.16
64-Ge -54424.73 545954.08 63941572.64 8530.53
64-Ga -58834.73 551146.43 63936838.31 8611.66
64-Fe -55079.23 551302.7 63940870 8614.1
64-Co -59789.31 555230.43 63935813.52 8675.48
64-Zn -65999.53 559093.59 63929146.58 8735.84
64-Cu -65420.8 559297.21 63929767.87 8739.02
64-Ni -67095.9 561754.66 63927969.57 8777.42
65-Se -32919 530955 64964660 8168.54
65-Cr -27600 533460 64970370 8207.08
65-As -47056 545874 64949484 8398.06
65-Mn -40892.58 545969.73 64956100 8399.53
65-Fe -51288.05 555582.85 64944940 8547.43
65-Ge -56410.56 556011.23 64939440.76 8554.02
65-Co -59164.22 562676.66 64936484.58 8656.56
65-Ga -62652.91 563035.94 64932739.32 8662.09
65-Zn -65907.78 567073.16 64929245.08 8724.2
65-Ni -65122.59 567852.67 64930088.01 8736.19
65-Cu -67259.72 569207.45 64927793.71 8757.04
66-Se -41722 547829 65955210 8300.44
66-Mn -36496 549644 65960820 8327.94
66-As -51821 558711 65944368 8465.32
66-Fe -50319.3 562685.42 65945980 8525.54
66-Co -56052.26 567636.02 65939825.41 8600.55
66-Ge -61621.3 569293.3 65933846.8 8625.66
66-Ga -63721.3 572175.65 65931592.36 8669.33
66-Cu -66254.33 576273.38 65928873.04 8731.41
66-Ni -66028.73 576830.14 65929115.23 8739.85
66-Zn -68896.3 578133 65926036.76 8759.59
67-Br -32798 546194 66964790 8152.15
67-Mn -33701 554921 66963820 8282.4
67-Se -46491 560669 66950090 8368.19
67-Fe -46574.69 567012.13 66950000 8462.87
67-As -56643.75 571604.72 66939190.42 8531.41
67-Co -55321.42 574976.51 66940610 8581.74
67-Ge -62653.75 578397.07 66932738.42 8632.79
67-Ni -63742.46 582615.2 66931569.64 8695.75
67-Ga -66876.68 583402.35 66928204.92 8707.5
67-Zn -67877.16 585185.18 66927130.86 8734.11
67-Cu -67300.16 585390.54 66927750.29 8737.17
68-Br -38892 560359 67958248 8240.57
68-Fe -44237 572745 67952510 8422.72
68-Se -54148 576398 67941870 8476.44
68-Co -51828.32 579554.73 67944360 8522.86
68-As -58876.96 581909.24 67936792.98 8557.49
68-Ni -63486.03 590430.08 67931844.93 8682.8
68-Ge -66976.96 590791.6 67928097.27 8688.11
68-Ga -67082.93 591679.93 67927983.5 8701.18
68-Cu -65541.89 591703.59 67929637.88 8701.52
68-Zn -70004.03 595383.38 67924847.57 8755.64
69-Kr -32304 561061 68965320 8131.32
69-Br -46409 575948 68950178 8347.07
69-Fe -39402 575982 68957700 8347.57
69-Se -56297.48 586618.74 68939562.16 8501.72
69-Co -51045.86 586843.6 68945200 8504.98
69-As -63080.62 594184.23 68932280.15 8611.37
69-Ni -60377.72 595393.1 68935181.84 8628.89
69-Ge -67093.64 598979.6 68927972 8680.86
69-Cu -65739.92 599972.94 68929425.28 8695.26
69-Zn -68414.93 601865.6 68926553.54 8722.69
69-Ga -69320.92 601989.24 68925580.91 8724.48
70-Kr -40976 577804 69956010 8254.34
70-Br -51590 589201 69944616 8417.16
70-Co -46752 590621 69949810 8437.44
70-Se -61940 600333 69933504 8576.19
70-Ni -59485.2 602571.9 69936140 8608.17
70-As -64340.32 603515.25 69930927.81 8621.65
70-Cu -62960.33 605264.68 69932409.29 8646.64
70-Ga -68904.71 609644.35 69926027.74 8709.2
70-Ge -70560.32 610517.61 69924250.37 8721.68
70-Zn -69559.43 611081.42 69925324.87 8729.73
71-Rb -32304 576421 70965320 8118.61
71-Kr -46100 590999 70950510 8323.93
71-Co -44963 596904 70951730 8407.1
71-Br -56592 602274 70939246 8482.73
71-Ni -55889.63 607047.66 70940000 8549.97
71-Se -63092 609556 70932268 8585.3
71-Cu -62764.23 613139.9 70932619.82 8635.77
71-As -67892.19 615138.44 70927114.72 8663.92
71-Zn -67321.67 616914.99 70927727.2 8688.94
71-Ge -69904.9 617933.51 70924953.99 8703.29
71-Ga -70136.82 618947.79 70924705.01 8717.57
72-Rb -38117 590305 71959080 8198.68
72-Co -40604 600616 71956410 8341.89
72-Kr -54112.77 607083.29 71941907.54 8431.71
72-Br -59152.77 612905.64 71936496.88 8512.58
72-Ni -54678.69 613908.04 71941300 8526.5
72-Cu -60063 618510 71935520 8590.42
72-Se -67894.43 622429.66 71927112.31 8644.86
72-As -68229.46 623547.04 71926752.65 8660.38
72-Ga -68586.5 625468.79 71926369.35 8687.07
72-Zn -68128.42 625793.06 71926861.12 8691.57
72-Ge -72585.56 628685.49 71922076.18 8731.74
73-Sr -31699 591176 72965970 8098.3
73-Rb -46234 606493 72950366 8308.12
73-Ni -50226 617527 72946080 8459.27
73-Kr -56885.29 617927.13 72938931.12 8464.76
73-Br -63532.64 625356.84 72931794.89 8566.53
73-Cu -59159 625677 72936490 8570.92
73-Se -68216.28 630822.83 72926766.8 8641.41
73-Zn -65409.99 631145.96 72929779.47 8645.84
73-As -70956.28 634345.18 72923825.29 8689.66
73-Ga -69703.84 634657.45 72925169.83 8693.94
73-Ge -71297.14 635468.39 72923459.36 8705.05
74-Sr -40697 608245 73956310 8219.53
74-Rb -51725.5 620056.32 73944470.38 8379.14
74-Ni -48522 623894 73947910 8431
74-Cu -55703 630293 73940200 8517.47
74-Kr -62169.55 631282.72 73933258.23 8530.85
74-Br -65305.96 635201.48 73929891.15 8583.8
74-Zn -65709.2 639516.48 73929458.26 8642.11
74-Ga -68054.01 641078.94 73926941 8663.23
74-As -70859.6 642319.82 73923929.08 8680
74-Se -72212.61 642890.48 73922476.56 8687.71
74-Ge -73422.01 645664.59 73921178.21 8725.2
75-Sr -46649 622269 74949920 8296.92
75-Ni -43808 627251 74952970 8363.35
75-Rb -57222.41 633624.55 74938569.2 8448.33
75-Cu -54306 636967 74941700 8492.89
75-Kr -64241.6 641426.09 74931033.79 8552.35
75-Zn -62468.42 644347.03 74932937.38 8591.29
75-Br -69138.82 647105.66 74925776.41 8628.08
75-Ga -68464.2 649560.45 74926500.65 8660.81
75-Se -72168.82 650918.01 74922523.57 8678.91
75-Ge -71855.91 652169.81 74922859.49 8695.6
75-As -73032.46 652564.01 74921596.42 8700.85
76-Ni -41610 633124 75955330 8330.58
76-Sr -54390 638081 75941610 8395.8
76-Cu -50310 641042 75945990 8434.76
76-Rb -60480.55 644954.01 75935071.45 8486.24
76-Zn -62042.89 651992.82 75933394.21 8578.85
76-Kr -68978.7 654234.51 75925948.3 8608.35
76-Ga -66202.89 655370.47 75928928.26 8623.3
76-Br -70288.69 656326.85 75924541.97 8635.88
76-As -72289.58 659892.45 75922393.93 8682.8
76-Ge -73212.89 661598.11 75921402.72 8705.24
76-Se -75251.56 662072.08 75919214.11 8711.47
77-Ni -36487 636073 76960830 8260.69
77-Y -46929 637909 76949620 8284.53
77-Cu -48484 647288 76947950 8406.34
77-Sr -57974.77 649737.2 76937761.51 8438.15
77-Zn -58604.14 656625.39 76937085.86 8527.6
77-Rb -64825.83 657370.61 76930406.6 8537.28
77-Ga -65874.14 663113.04 76929281.19 8611.86
77-Kr -70171.41 663498.54 76924667.88 8616.86
77-Br -73233.93 667343.42 76921380.12 8666.8
77-Ge -71214.14 667670.69 76923548.46 8671.05
77-Se -74599.05 669490.89 76919914.61 8694.69
77-As -73916.18 669590.37 76920647.7 8695.98
78-Ni -33720 641377 77963800 8222.78
78-Cu -43957 650832 77952810 8344
78-Y -52629 651681 77943500 8354.88
78-Sr -63174.51 663008.26 77932179.36 8500.11
78-Zn -57222.06 663314.64 77938569.58 8504.03
78-Rb -66935.77 667551.87 77928141.49 8558.36
78-Ga -63662.06 668972.29 77931655.95 8576.57
78-Kr -74159.7 675558.16 77920386.27 8661
78-Br -73451.9 675632.71 77921146.13 8661.96
78-Ge -71862.06 676389.93 77922852.89 8671.67
78-As -72816.2 676561.72 77921828.58 8673.87
78-Se -77025.67 679988.84 77917309.52 8717.81
79-Zr -47357 653698 78949160 8274.66
79-Cu -41656 656603 78955280 8311.43
79-Y -58357.43 665480.15 78937350.71 8423.8
79-Zn -53398 667562 78942675 8450.15
79-Sr -65477.43 673382.5 78929707.08 8523.83
79-Ga -62487.99 675869.54 78932916.37 8555.31
79-Rb -70796.59 679484.02 78923996.72 8601.06
79-Ge -69487.99 682087.18 78925401.56 8634.01
79-Kr -74442.2 683911.98 78920082.99 8657.11
79-As -73635.99 685452.83 78920948.5 8676.62
79-Br -76067.98 686320.11 78918337.65 8687.6
79-Se -75916.93 686951.42 78918499.8 8695.59
80-Cu -35499 658517 79961890 8231.46
80-Zr -55377 669789 79940550 8372.36
80-Zn -51777.35 674012.57 79944414.72 8425.16
80-Y -61165 676359 79934337 8454.49
80-Ga -59067.75 680520.61 79936588.15 8506.51
80-Sr -70304.88 686281.28 79924524.59 8578.52
80-Rb -72172.78 688931.53 79922519.32 8611.64
80-Ge -69447.75 690118.26 79925444.76 8626.48
80-As -72117.97 692006.13 79922578.16 8650.08
80-Br -75888.85 694212.31 79918529.95 8677.65
80-Kr -77893.34 695434.44 79916378.04 8692.93
80-Se -77759.4 696865.21 79916521.83 8710.82
81-Nb -47460 669160 80949050 8261.23
81-Zn -46128 676434 80950480 8351.04
81-Zr -58856.16 681339.18 80936815.3 8411.59
81-Ga -57982.74 687506.93 80937752.96 8487.74
81-Y -66016.16 689281.53 80929128.72 8509.65
81-Ge -66302.74 695044.58 80928821.07 8580.8
81-Sr -71526.53 695574.25 80923213.1 8587.34
81-Rb -75456.44 700286.51 80918994.17 8645.51
81-As -72532.74 700492.23 80922132.88 8648.05
81-Kr -77693.65 703306.08 80916592.42 8682.79
81-Se -76389.08 703566.21 80917992.93 8686
81-Br -77974.36 704369.14 80916291.06 8695.92
82-Zn -42066 680444 81954840 8298.1
82-Nb -52974 682746 81943130 8326.17
82-Ga -52946 690542 81943160 8421.24
82-Zr -64192.74 694747.07 81931086.25 8472.53
82-Y -68192.74 699529.42 81926792.07 8530.85
82-Ge -65623.44 702436.6 81929550.33 8566.3
82-As -70323.44 706354.25 81924504.67 8614.08
82-Sr -76008.73 708127.77 81918401.26 8635.7
82-Rb -76189.03 709090.43 81918207.69 8647.44
82-Br -77495.94 711962.04 81916804.67 8682.46
82-Se -77593.44 712841.89 81916700 8693.19
82-Kr -80588.56 714272.31 81913484.6 8710.64
83-Mo -47748 684809 82948740 8250.71
83-Ga -49490 695157 82946870 8375.39
83-Nb -58960.1 696803.41 82936703.71 8395.22
83-Zr -66460.1 705085.76 82928652.13 8495.01
83-Ge -61004 705888 82934510 8504.67
83-Y -72328.1 711736.11 82922352.57 8575.13
83-As -69880.09 713982.22 82924980.63 8602.2
83-Sr -76796.99 716987.35 82917555.03 8638.4
83-Se -75340.09 718659.87 82919119.07 8658.55
83-Rb -79072.7 720045.41 82915111.95 8675.25
83-Br -79009.11 721546.53 82915180.22 8693.33
83-Kr -79981.83 721736.9 82914135.95 8695.63
84-Ga -44395 698133 83952340 8311.11
84-Mo -55806 700938 83940090 8344.5
84-Nb -61879 707794 83933570 8426.12
84-Ge -58395 711351 83937310 8468.46
84-Zr -71492 718189 83923250 8549.87
84-As -66080 718254 83929060 8550.64
84-Y -74158.31 721637.64 83920387.77 8590.92
84-Se -75949.8 727340.9 83918464.52 8658.82
84-Br -77776.3 728385.05 83916503.69 8671.25
84-Rb -79750.15 728794.19 83914384.68 8676.12
84-Sr -80644.29 728905.98 83913424.78 8677.45
84-Kr -82431.03 732257.43 83911506.63 8717.35
85-Tc -47562 699983 84948940 8235.09
85-Mo -59066 712270 84936590 8379.65
85-Ge -53384 714411 84942690 8404.84
85-Nb -67154.67 721140.62 84927906.49 8484.01
85-As -63519 723763 84931810 8514.86
85-Zr -73154.67 727922.97 84921465.22 8563.8
85-Se -72428.61 731891.03 84922244.68 8610.48
85-Y -77847.67 733398.32 84916427.08 8628.22
85-Br -78610.61 737290.67 84915608.03 8674.01
85-Sr -81102.67 737435.68 84912932.69 8675.71
85-Rb -82167.69 739283.05 84911789.34 8697.45
85-Kr -81480.61 739378.32 84912526.95 8698.57
86-Tc -53207 713699 85942880 8298.83
86-Ge -50049 719148 85946270 8362.19
86-Mo -64557.03 725831.95 85930695.17 8439.91
86-As -59401 727717 85936230 8461.83
86-Nb -69827.03 731884.3 85925037.59 8510.28
86-Se -70540.95 738074.69 85924271.17 8582.26
86-Zr -77805.03 740644.65 85916472.85 8612.15
86-Br -75639.95 742391.34 85918797.16 8632.46
86-Y -79281.56 742903.54 85914887.72 8638.41
86-Rb -82747.32 747934.01 85911167.08 8696.91
86-Sr -84521.56 748925.9 85909262.35 8708.44
86-Kr -83265.95 749234.98 85910610.31 8712.03
87-Ru -47339 715120 86949180 8219.77
87-Tc -59122 727686 86936530 8364.21
87-As -56281 732668 86939580 8421.47
87-Mo -67694.61 737040.85 86927326.83 8471.73
87-Se -66582.48 742187.55 86928520.75 8530.89
87-Nb -74182.84 744311.43 86920361.44 8555.3
87-Br -73857.48 748680.2 86920710.71 8605.52
87-Zr -79347.84 750258.78 86914816.58 8623.66
87-Y -83016.75 754710.05 86910877.83 8674.83
87-Kr -80709.98 754750.35 86913354.25 8675.29
87-Sr -84878.36 757354.01 86908879.32 8705.22
87-Rb -84595.05 757853.05 86909183.47 8710.95
88-Ru -55498 731351 87940420 8310.81
88-As -51642 736101 87944560 8364.78
88-Tc -62568 739204 87932830 8400.05
88-Se -63878.14 747554.53 87931423.98 8494.94
88-Mo -72700.56 750118.12 87921952.73 8524.07
88-Br -70732.14 753626.18 87924065.91 8563.93
88-Nb -76424 754624 87917956 8575.27
88-Kr -79692.14 761803.83 87914446.95 8656.86
88-Zr -83623.76 762606.03 87910226.18 8665.98
88-Rb -82606.22 763935.55 87911318.56 8681.09
88-Y -84297.06 764061.69 87909503.36 8682.52
88-Sr -87919.66 768466.64 87905614.34 8732.58
89-Rh -47152 730294 88949380 8205.55
89-As -47292 739822 88949230 8312.61
89-Ru -59513 743437 88936110 8353.22
89-Se -59597 751345 88936020 8442.08
89-Tc -67493.36 752199.9 88927542.88 8451.68
89-Br -68569.82 759535.18 88926387.26 8534.1
89-Mo -75003.36 760492.25 88919480.56 8544.86
89-Nb -80578.41 766849.65 88913495.5 8616.29
89-Kr -76724.82 766907.82 88917632.51 8616.94
89-Rb -81710.7 771111.35 88912279.94 8664.17
89-Zr -84869.42 771923.01 88908888.92 8673.29
89-Sr -86207.05 774825.35 88907452.91 8705.9
89-Y -87702.1 775538.05 88905847.9 8713.91
90-Rh -53216 744429 89942870 8271.43
90-Se -56430 756249 89939420 8402.77
90-Ru -65409 757405 89929780 8415.61
90-Br -64613.08 763649.77 89930634.99 8485
90-Tc -71207.28 763985.13 89923555.83 8488.72
90-Kr -74963.08 773217.41 89919523.8 8591.3
90-Mo -80167.94 773728.15 89913936.16 8596.98
90-Rb -79354.95 776826.93 89914808.94 8631.41
90-Nb -82656.94 776999.5 89911264.11 8633.33
90-Y -86487.86 782395.13 89907151.44 8693.28
90-Sr -85941.86 782631.49 89907737.6 8695.91
90-Zr -88767.94 783892.85 89904703.68 8709.92
91-Pd -47059 745561 90949480 8192.98
91-Rh -59103 758388 90936550 8333.93
91-Se -50888 758778 90945370 8338.22
91-Br -61510.92 768618.92 90933965.3 8446.36
91-Ru -68578.97 768645.79 90926377.43 8446.66
91-Tc -75983.63 776832.81 90918428.2 8536.62
91-Kr -71312.92 777638.57 90923442.42 8545.48
91-Rb -77747.92 783291.22 90916534.16 8607.6
91-Mo -82203.63 783835.16 90911750.75 8613.57
91-Sr -83638.98 788399.92 90910209.85 8663.74
91-Nb -86637.74 789051.63 90906990.54 8670.9
91-Y -86346.3 790324.89 90907303.42 8684.89
91-Zr -87891.13 791087.37 90905644.97 8693.27
92-Pd -55498 762072 91940420 8283.39
92-Se -47199 763160 91949330 8295.22
92-Rh -63360 770716 91931980 8377.35
92-Br -56583.35 771762.68 91939255.26 8388.72
92-Ru -74408 782546 91920120 8505.93
92-Kr -68788.26 783185.23 91926152.75 8512.88
92-Tc -78935.11 787855.61 91915259.66 8563.65
92-Rb -74775.26 788389.88 91919725.44 8569.46
92-Sr -82875.11 795707.38 91911029.9 8648.99
92-Mo -86805.47 796508.32 91906810.48 8657.7
92-Y -84815.47 796865.38 91908946.83 8661.58
92-Nb -86448.95 796934.16 91907193.21 8662.33
92-Zr -88454.56 799722.12 91905040.11 8692.63
93-Pd -59699 774344 92935910 8326.28
93-Br -53002 776253 92943100 8346.81
93-Rh -69173 784600 92925740 8436.56
93-Kr -64026 786494.3 92931265.25 8456.93
93-Ru -77266 793475.47 92917051.52 8531.99
93-Rb -72626 794311.95 92922032.77 8540.99
93-Tc -83603 800594.82 92910248.47 8608.55
93-Sr -80087.6 800991.19 92914022.41 8612.81
93-Y -84224.2 804345.44 92909581.58 8648.88
93-Mo -86803.85 804578.03 92906812.21 8651.38
93-Nb -87208.74 805765.28 92906377.54 8664.14
93-Zr -87117.38 806456.26 92906475.63 8671.57
94-Ag -53300 775234 93942780 8247.17
94-Br -47804 779126 93948680 8288.57
94-Pd -66350 789066 93928770 8394.32
94-Kr -61141 791681 93934362 8422.14
94-Rh -72938 796436 93921698 8472.72
94-Rb -68551.12 798308.39 93926407.33 8492.64
94-Ru -82568.02 806848.81 93911359.57 8583.5
94-Sr -78841.77 807816.69 93915359.86 8593.79
94-Tc -84154.59 809217.74 93909656.31 8608.7
94-Y -82349.64 810542.2 93911594.01 8622.79
94-Nb -86364.89 812992.75 93907283.46 8648.86
94-Mo -88410.34 814255.84 93905087.58 8662.3
94-Zr -87266.29 814676.5 93906315.77 8666.77
95-Ag -60100 790105 94935480 8316.89
95-Kr -56039 794650 94939840 8364.74
95-Pd -70151 800938 94924690 8430.93
95-Rb -65838.68 803667.27 94929319.26 8459.66
95-Rh -78339.99 809909.76 94915898.54 8525.37
95-Sr -75117.33 812163.57 94919358.21 8549.09
95-Ru -83449.99 815802.11 94910412.73 8587.39
95-Y -81204.18 817468.06 94912823.71 8604.93
95-Tc -86017.45 819151.92 94907656.45 8622.65
95-Zr -85657.62 821139.16 94908042.74 8643.57
95-Nb -86782.46 821481.64 94906835.18 8647.18
95-Mo -87708.08 821624.9 94905841.49 8648.68
96-Cd -56104 793398 95939770 8264.56
96-Kr -53030 799712 95943070 8330.33
96-Ag -64571 802648 95930680 8360.92
96-Rb -61214.09 807114 95934283.96 8407.44
96-Pd -76175.76 815034.49 95918221.94 8489.94
96-Sr -72954.16 818071.72 95921680.47 8521.58
96-Rh -79625.76 819266.85 95914518.21 8534.03
96-Y -78340.7 822675.9 95915897.79 8569.54
96-Ru -86072.19 826495.63 95907597.68 8609.33
96-Tc -85817.78 827023.57 95907870.8 8614.83
96-Nb -85604.22 828374.72 95908100.08 8628.9
96-Zr -85440.65 828993.5 95908275.68 8635.35
96-Mo -88791.02 830779.16 95904678.9 8653.95
97-Kr -47916 802670 96948560 8274.95
97-Cd -60603 805968 96934940 8308.95
97-Rb -58364.74 812335.98 96937342.86 8374.6
97-Ag -70794 816941 96924000 8422.07
97-Sr -68791.98 821980.86 96926148.76 8474.03
97-Pd -77799.37 824729.43 96916478.92 8502.37
97-Y -76260.46 828666.99 96918131.02 8542.96
97-Rh -82589.37 830301.78 96911336.64 8559.81
97-Zr -82948.86 834573.04 96910950.72 8603.85
97-Ru -86112.37 834607.14 96907554.55 8604.2
97-Nb -85606.95 836448.77 96908097.14 8623.18
97-Tc -87220.57 836497.69 96906364.84 8623.69
97-Mo -87540.83 837600.3 96906021.03 8635.05
98-In -53803 806457 97942240 8229.15
98-Rb -54302.78 816345.34 97941703.56 8330.05
98-Cd -67460 820897 97927579 8376.5
98-Ag -72880.08 827099.11 97921760 8439.79
98-Sr -66628.66 827888.87 97928471.18 8447.85
98-Y -72452.04 832929.89 97922219.53 8499.28
98-Pd -81300.08 836301.46 97912720.75 8533.69
98-Rh -83167.1 838950.83 97910716.43 8560.72
98-Zr -81276.22 840971.72 97912746.37 8581.34
98-Nb -83526.41 842439.56 97910330.69 8596.32
98-Tc -86428.01 843776.45 97907215.69 8609.96
98-Ru -88224.47 844790.56 97905287.11 8620.31
98-Mo -88112.01 846242.8 97905407.85 8635.13
99-Rb -50840.36 820954.24 98945420.62 8292.47
99-In -60910 821636 98934610 8299.35
99-Cd -69853 831361 98925010 8397.59
99-Sr -62116.63 831448.16 98933315.04 8398.47
99-Y -70202.28 838751.46 98924634.74 8472.24
99-Ag -76757.79 839048.14 98917597.1 8475.23
99-Pd -82187.79 845260.49 98911767.76 8537.98
99-Zr -77769.41 845536.24 98916511.08 8540.77
99-Nb -82327.42 849311.89 98911617.86 8578.91
99-Rh -85574.38 849429.44 98908132.1 8580.1
99-Mo -85966.08 852168.2 98907711.6 8607.76
99-Ru -87616.96 852254.37 98905939.31 8608.63
99-Tc -87323.31 852743.07 98906254.55 8613.57
100-Sn -56864 824879 99938954 8248.79
100-Rb -46696 824881 99949870 8248.81
100-In -64134.25 832931.22 99931149.03 8329.31
100-Sr -60219.47 837622.32 99935351.73 8376.22
100-Cd -74305.05 843884.37 99920230.23 8438.84
100-Y -67294.47 843914.97 99927756.4 8439.15
100-Ag -78180.85 848542.52 99916069.39 8485.43
100-Zr -76604.47 852442.61 99917761.7 8524.43
100-Nb -79939.47 854995.26 99914181.43 8549.95
100-Pd -85227.41 856371.43 99908504.6 8563.71
100-Rh -85588.8 857515.17 99908116.63 8575.15
100-Tc -86016.38 859507.47 99907657.59 8595.07
100-Mo -86184.47 860457.91 99907477.15 8604.58
100-Ru -89218.8 861927.53 99904219.66 8619.28
101-Rb -43597.65 829854.17 100953195.99 8216.38
101-Sn -59560 835646 100936060 8273.72
101-Sr -55407.65 840881.82 100940517.43 8325.56
101-In -68409 845277 100926560 8369.08
101-Y -64912.65 849604.47 100930313.4 8411.93
101-Cd -75747.74 853398.38 100918681.44 8449.49
101-Zr -73457.65 857367.11 100921139.96 8488.78
101-Ag -81224.28 859657.27 100912802.14 8511.46
101-Nb -78942.65 862069.76 100915251.57 8535.34
101-Pd -85428.1 864643.45 100908289.14 8560.83
101-Mo -83511.65 865856.41 100910346.54 8572.84
101-Rh -87408.1 867405.8 100906163.53 8588.18
101-Tc -86336.09 867898.49 100907314.38 8593.05
101-Ru -87949.58 868729.64 100905582.22 8601.28
102-Rb -37996 832323 101959210 8160.03
102-Sr -53077.64 846623.14 101943018.8 8300.23
102-Sn -64748 848905 101930490 8322.6
102-Y -61892.64 854655.79 101933555.5 8378.98
102-In -70134.46 855074.07 101924707.54 8383.08
102-Zr -71742.64 863723.43 101922981.09 8467.88
102-Cd -79384.46 865106.43 101914777.26 8481.44
102-Nb -76347.64 867546.08 101918037.42 8505.35
102-Ag -81971.46 868475.78 101912000 8514.47
102-Mo -83557.64 873973.73 101910297.16 8568.37
102-Tc -84567.59 874201.32 101909212.94 8570.6
102-Rh -86775.32 874844.34 101906842.85 8576.91
102-Pd -87925.83 875212.5 101905607.72 8580.51
102-Ru -89097.85 877949.23 101904349.5 8607.35
103-Sb -55778 847224 102940120 8225.48
103-Sr -47553 849170 102948950 8244.37
103-Sn -66946 859175 102928130 8341.5
103-Y -58740 859574 102936940 8345.38
103-In -74599.71 867610.65 102919913.9 8423.4
103-Zr -68374.39 868426.5 102926597.06 8431.33
103-Cd -80649.71 874443 102913418.95 8489.74
103-Nb -75319.39 874589.15 102919141.3 8491.16
103-Mo -80849.39 879336.79 102913204.6 8537.25
103-Ag -84791.6 879367.24 102908972.45 8537.55
103-Tc -84599.39 882304.44 102909178.81 8566.06
103-Pd -87479.19 882837.19 102906087.2 8571.23
103-Rh -88022.27 884162.62 102905504.18 8584.1
103-Ru -87258.92 884181.62 102906323.68 8584.29
104-Sr -44404 854092 103952330 8212.42
104-Sb -59348 858866 103936287 8258.33
104-Y -54539 863445 103941450 8302.36
104-Sn -71552.26 871852.17 103923185.47 8383.19
104-Zr -66341 874464 103928780 8408.31
104-In -76067.26 877149.52 103918338.42 8434.13
104-Nb -72228.53 879569.62 103922459.46 8457.4
104-Cd -83975.95 885840.56 103909848.09 8517.7
104-Mo -80333.53 886892.26 103913758.39 8527.81
104-Ag -85112.24 887759.21 103908628.23 8536.15
104-Tc -82488.53 888264.91 103911444.9 8541.01
104-Rh -86950 891161.67 103906655.32 8568.86
104-Pd -89390.89 892820.21 103904034.91 8584.81
104-Ru -88091.24 893085.26 103905430.15 8587.36
105-Y -51148 868125 104945090 8267.86
105-Sb -63780.7 871369.57 104931528.59 8298.76
105-Zr -62364 878558 104933050 8367.22
105-Sn -73224.35 881595.58 104921390.41 8396.15
105-Nb -70854.99 886267.4 104923934.02 8440.64
105-In -79481.17 888634.75 104914673.43 8463.19
105-Mo -77339.99 891970.04 104916972.09 8494.95
105-Cd -84330.17 894266.1 104909467.82 8516.82
105-Tc -82289.99 896137.69 104911658.04 8534.64
105-Ag -87068.38 897786.66 104906528.23 8550.35
105-Ru -85929.99 898995.34 104907750.34 8561.86
105-Pd -88413.63 899914.27 104905084.05 8570.61
105-Rh -87846.91 900129.9 104905692.44 8572.67
106-Y -46370 871418 105950220 8220.92
106-Te -58030 872908 105937702 8234.98
106-Sb -66357 882017 105928763 8320.92
106-Zr -59699 883966 105935910 8339.3
106-Nb -66891 890374 105928190 8399.75
106-Sn -77425.33 893867.88 105916880.47 8432.72
106-In -80610.42 897835.32 105913461.13 8470.14
106-Mo -76257.41 898958.79 105918134.28 8480.74
106-Tc -79777.41 901696.43 105914355.41 8506.57
106-Cd -87133.79 905141.05 105906458.01 8539.07
106-Ag -86939.65 905729.25 105906666.43 8544.62
106-Rh -86363.81 906718.13 105907284.62 8553.94
106-Ru -86324.41 907461.08 105907326.91 8560.95
106-Pd -89904.91 909476.87 105903483.09 8579.97
107-Te -60513 883462 106935036 8256.65
107-Zr -55089 887426 106940860 8293.7
107-Sb -70654 894385 106924150 8358.74
107-Nb -64916 896471 106930310 8378.23
107-Sn -78555.95 903069.82 106915666.7 8439.9
107-Mo -72940.88 903713.58 106921694.72 8445.92
107-In -83562.27 908858.49 106910292.2 8494
107-Tc -79100.88 909091.23 106915081.69 8496.18
107-Cd -86988.27 913066.85 106906614.23 8533.34
107-Ru -83920.88 913128.87 106909907.21 8533.91
107-Ag -88405.27 915266.2 106905093.02 8553.89
107-Rh -86861.3 915286.94 106906750.54 8554.08
107-Pd -88372.26 916015.55 106905128.45 8560.89
108-I -52824 883062 107943291 8176.5
108-Zr -51903 892312 107944280 8262.15
108-Te -65682.58 896703.06 107929486.84 8302.81
108-Nb -60538 900164 107935010 8334.85
108-Sb -72507 904310 107922160 8373.24
108-Mo -71185 910029 107923579 8426.19
108-Tc -75935.4 913997.07 107918479.97 8462.94
108-Sn -82003.75 914588.94 107911965.34 8468.42
108-In -84095.56 917463.11 107909719.68 8495.03
108-Ru -83655.4 920934.72 107910192.21 8527.17
108-Rh -85016.73 921513.69 107908730.77 8532.53
108-Ag -87603.55 922535.8 107905953.71 8542
108-Cd -89252.57 923402.47 107904183.4 8550.02
108-Pd -89521.73 925236.34 107903894.45 8567
109-I -57574.09 895883.55 108938191.66 8219.12
109-Nb -58097 905795 108937630 8310.05
109-Te -67573.84 906665.65 108927456.48 8318.03
109-Mo -67245 914160 108927810 8386.79
109-Sb -76255.73 916129.89 108918136.09 8404.86
109-Tc -74867 921000 108919627 8449.54
109-Sn -82635.73 923292.24 108911286.88 8470.57
109-Ru -80852.21 926202.85 108913201.57 8497.27
109-In -86485.41 927924.28 108907154.08 8513.07
109-Rh -85012.21 929580.49 108908735.62 8528.26
109-Cd -88505.36 930726.58 108904985.57 8538.78
109-Pd -87603.71 931389.63 108905953.54 8544.86
109-Ag -88719.65 931723.23 108904755.51 8547.92
110-Xe -51721 897319 109944476 8157.45
110-I -60348 906729 109935214 8242.99
110-Nb -53393 909162 109942680 8265.11
110-Te -72277.25 919440.38 109922407.16 8358.55
110-Mo -65456 920443 109929730 8367.66
110-Sb -77535 925480 109916763 8413.45
110-Tc -71362 925566 109923390 8414.24
110-Ru -80139.97 933561.93 109913966.19 8486.93
110-Sn -85834.66 934562.49 109907852.69 8496.02
110-Rh -82949.97 935589.58 109910949.53 8505.36
110-In -86471.71 935981.9 109907168.78 8508.93
110-Ag -87457.53 938532.43 109906110.46 8532.11
110-Pd -88349.97 940207.22 109905152.39 8547.34
110-Cd -90349.71 940642.25 109903005.58 8551.29
111-Xe -54369 908039 110941632 8180.53
111-I -64947 919399 110930276 8282.87
111-Mo -61004 924062 110934510 8324.88
111-Te -73475.69 928710.14 110921120.59 8366.76
111-Tc -69815 932091 110925050 8397.22
111-Sb -80844 936861 110913210 8440.19
111-Ru -76792 938286 110917560 8453.03
111-Sn -85943.91 942743.07 110907735.4 8493.18
111-Rh -82288 942999 110911660 8495.49
111-Pd -86029.09 945957.67 110907643.95 8522.14
111-In -88388.82 945970.34 110905110.68 8522.26
111-Ag -88217.43 947363.65 110905294.68 8534.81
111-Cd -89254.23 947618.09 110904181.63 8537.1
112-Cs -46266 907225 111950331 8100.22
112-Xe -59927.33 921668.4 111935665.35 8229.18
112-I -67096 929619 111927970 8300.17
112-Mo -58833 929962 111936840 8303.23
112-Tc -65913 936259 111929240 8359.46
112-Te -77256.59 940562.37 111917061.62 8397.88
112-Ru -75867 945432 111918553 8441.36
112-Sb -81603.86 945691.99 111912394.64 8443.68
112-Rh -79537 948319 111914613 8467.13
112-Sn -88658.83 953529.32 111904820.81 8513.65
112-In -87995.12 953647.95 111905533.34 8514.71
112-Ag -86625.08 953842.62 111907004.13 8516.45
112-Pd -86337.11 954337.01 111907313.28 8520.87
112-Cd -90581.05 957016.24 111902757.23 8544.79
113-Cs -51664.83 920694.87 112944535.51 8147.74
113-Xe -62053.48 931865.87 112933382.84 8246.6
113-Mo -53999 933199 112942030 8258.4
113-I -71124.92 941719.66 112923644.25 8333.8
113-Tc -63966 942384 112931330 8339.68
113-Te -78314 949691 112915927 8404.35
113-Ru -72154 949789 112922540 8405.21
113-Rh -78786 955639 112915420 8456.98
113-Sb -84413.89 956573.35 112909377.94 8465.25
113-Pd -83693.47 959764.69 112910151.35 8493.49
113-Sn -88330.42 961272.23 112905173.37 8506.83
113-Ag -87033.47 962322.34 112906565.71 8516.13
113-In -89366.38 963090.54 112904061.22 8522.93
113-Cd -89049.93 963556.45 112904400.95 8527.05
114-Ba -45698 922017 113950941 8087.87
114-Cs -54566 931667 113941421 8172.52
114-Xe -66932 944816 113928145 8287.86
114-Tc -59727 946217 113935880 8300.15
114-I -72796 951462 113921850 8346.16
114-Ru -70794 956501 113923999 8390.36
114-Rh -75594 960519 113918846 8425.61
114-Te -81919 961367 113912057 8433.04
114-Sb -84676.63 964907.41 113909095.88 8464.1
114-Pd -83494.15 967636.7 113910365.32 8488.04
114-Ag -84944.88 968305.07 113908807.91 8493.9
114-In -88569.46 970364.94 113904916.76 8511.97
114-Sn -90558.14 971571.27 113902781.82 8522.56
114-Cd -90021.32 972599.15 113903358.12 8531.57
115-Ba -48708 933098 114947710 8113.9
115-Cs -59672 944845 114935939 8216.04
115-Tc -57492 952053 114938280 8278.72
115-Xe -68430 954385 114926538 8299
115-Ru -66779 960557 114928310 8352.67
115-I -76459 963196 114917918 8375.62
115-Rh -74403.37 967399.59 114920124.68 8412.17
115-Te -82363.97 969883.71 114911578.63 8433.77
115-Pd -80403.37 972617.24 114913683.41 8457.54
115-Sb -87002.63 975304.73 114906598.81 8480.91
115-Ag -84987.37 976418.89 114908762.28 8490.6
115-Cd -88090.86 978740.02 114905430.55 8510.78
115-Sn -90032.63 979117.09 114903345.97 8514.06
115-In -89536.75 979403.55 114903878.33 8516.55
116-Ba -54325 946786 115941680 8161.95
116-Cs -62490.06 955734.06 115932914.15 8239.09
116-Ru -65056 966905 115930160 8335.39
116-Xe -72901 966927 115921738 8335.58
116-Rh -71061 972129 115923713 8380.42
116-I -77560.82 972369.54 115916735.01 8382.5
116-Pd -79961.03 980246.22 115914158.29 8450.4
116-Te -85305.97 980897.04 115908420.25 8456.01
116-Ag -82568.03 982070.86 115911359.56 8466.13
116-Sb -86817.8 983191.23 115906797.24 8475.79
116-In -88249.73 986187.86 115905260 8501.62
116-Cd -88719.73 987440.21 115904755.43 8512.42
116-Sn -91524.72 988680.5 115901744.15 8523.11
117-La -46565 946316 116950010 8088.17
117-Ba -56952 957485 116938860 8183.63
117-Cs -66471.88 967787.21 116928639.48 8271.69
117-Ru -60743 970664 116934790 8296.27
117-Xe -73993.82 976091.5 116920564.36 8342.66
117-Rh -69536 978675 116925350 8364.74
117-I -80436.65 983316.68 116913647.69 8404.42
117-Pd -76532 984888 116917840 8417.85
117-Te -85106.7 988769.09 116908634.18 8451.02
117-Ag -82265.64 989839.8 116911684.19 8460.17
117-Sb -88641.34 993086.08 116904839.59 8487.92
117-Cd -86425.64 993217.44 116907218.24 8489.04
117-In -88943.01 994952.46 116904515.73 8503.87
117-Sn -90397.97 995625.07 116902953.77 8509.62
118-La -49770 957592 117946570 8115.19
118-Ba -62000 970605 117933440 8225.47
118-Ru -58656 976649 117937030 8276.69
118-Cs -68413.68 977800.33 117926554.88 8286.44
118-Rh -65736 982946 117929430 8330.05
118-Xe -77713.68 987882.68 117916570.92 8371.89
118-I -80690.44 991641.8 117913375.23 8403.74
118-Pd -75465.99 991893.82 117918983.92 8405.88
118-Ag -79565.99 995211.47 117914582.38 8434
118-Te -87723.26 999456.97 117905825.19 8469.97
118-Sb -87996.47 1000512.54 117905531.89 8478.92
118-In -87230.09 1001310.87 117906354.62 8485.69
118-Cd -86708.9 1001572.03 117906914.14 8487.9
118-Sn -91653.1 1004951.52 117901606.33 8516.54
119-Ce -44004 959115 118952760 8059.79
119-La -54967 970861 118940990 8158.5
119-Ba -64224.71 980900.33 118931051.93 8242.86
119-Rh -63938 989219 118931360 8312.76
119-Cs -72311.05 989769.03 118922370.88 8317.39
119-Pd -72023 996522 118922680 8374.13
119-Xe -78660.66 996900.99 118915554.3 8377.32
119-Ag -78556.56 1002273.37 118915666.05 8422.47
119-I -83666 1002688.68 118910180.84 8425.96
119-Cd -83906.56 1006841.01 118909922.58 8460.85
119-Te -87180.27 1006985.31 118906408.11 8462.06
119-In -87703.56 1009855.66 118905846.33 8486.18
119-Sb -89473.28 1010060.67 118903946.46 8487.9
119-Sn -90067.19 1011436.93 118903308.88 8499.47
120-Ce -49705 972887 119946640 8107.39
120-La -57687 981652 119938070 8180.43
120-Rh -59821 993173 119935780 8276.44
120-Ba -68887.75 993634.7 119926045.94 8280.29
120-Cs -73887.75 999417.05 119920678.22 8328.48
120-Pd -70766 1003336 119924030 8361.13
120-Ag -75647.91 1007436.04 119918788.61 8395.3
120-Xe -81829.88 1008141.54 119912151.99 8401.18
120-I -83789.88 1010883.89 119910047.84 8424.03
120-Cd -83972.91 1014978.69 119909851.35 8458.16
120-In -85733.29 1015956.71 119907961.51 8466.31
120-Sb -88422.69 1017081.41 119905074.32 8475.68
120-Te -89404.88 1017281.24 119904019.89 8477.34
120-Sn -91103.29 1020544.36 119902196.57 8504.54
121-Pr -41579 972050 120955364 8033.47
121-Ce -52471 983725 120943670 8129.96
121-La -62401 994437 120933010 8218.49
121-Rh -57678 999102 120938080 8257.04
121-Ba -70340.91 1003159.18 120924485.91 8290.57
121-Pd -66900 1007542 120928180 8326.79
121-Cs -77142.93 1010743.56 120917183.64 8353.25
121-Ag -74658.23 1014517.68 120919851.07 8384.44
121-Xe -82542.93 1016925.91 120911386.5 8404.35
121-Cd -81058.23 1020135.33 120912980.39 8430.87
121-I -86287.94 1021453.27 120907366.06 8441.76
121-In -85838.23 1024132.98 120907848.85 8463.91
121-Te -88557.29 1024504.98 120904929.82 8466.98
121-Sb -89592.9 1026322.94 120903818.04 8482.01
121-Sn -89202.77 1026715.16 120904236.87 8485.25
122-Pr -45038 983580 121951650 8062.13
122-Ce -57743 997068 121938010 8172.69
122-La -64543 1004650 121930710 8234.84
122-Pd -65391 1014104 121929800 8312.33
122-Ba -74277 1015167 121920260 8321.04
122-Ag -71427 1019358 121923320 8355.39
122-Cs -78131.89 1019803.84 121916121.95 8359.05
122-Xe -85186.61 1027640.91 121908548.4 8423.29
122-Cd -80574 1027723 121913500 8423.96
122-I -86077.06 1029313.72 121907592.45 8437
122-In -83576.33 1029942.39 121910277.1 8442.15
122-Sb -88328.52 1033129.88 121905175.42 8468.28
122-Te -90311.06 1034330.07 121903047.06 8478.12
122-Sn -89944.92 1035528.63 121903440.14 8487.94
123-Pr -50338 996952 122945960 8105.3
123-Ce -60072 1007468 122935510 8190.8
123-La -68707 1016886 122926240 8267.37
123-Pd -61236 1018021 122934260 8276.59
123-Ba -75591 1024552 122918850 8329.69
123-Ag -69955 1025957 122924900 8341.11
123-Cs -81049.12 1030792.39 122912990.17 8380.43
123-Cd -77310.57 1032530.31 122917003.68 8394.56
123-Xe -85258.94 1035784.56 122908470.75 8421.01
123-In -83425.57 1037862.96 122910438.95 8437.91
123-I -87934.94 1039242.91 122905597.94 8449.13
123-Te -89169.16 1041259.49 122904272.95 8465.52
123-Sn -87819.47 1041474.51 122905721.9 8467.27
123-Sb -89222.49 1042095.17 122904215.7 8472.32
124-Pr -53132 1007818 123942960 8127.56
124-Ce -64720 1020188 123930520 8227.32
124-La -70300 1026550 123924530 8278.63
124-Ag -66574 1030647 123928530 8311.67
124-Ba -79094.6 1036126.84 123915088.44 8355.86
124-Cs -81742.56 1039557.15 123912245.73 8383.53
124-Cd -76710.1 1040001.17 123917648.3 8387.11
124-In -80876.1 1043384.81 123913175.92 8414.39
124-Xe -87657.51 1046254.45 123905895.77 8437.54
124-I -87363.48 1046742.78 123906211.42 8441.47
124-Sb -87618.62 1048562.62 123905937.53 8456.15
124-Sn -88236.1 1049962.46 123905274.63 8467.44
124-Te -90523.07 1050684.72 123902819.47 8473.26
125-Pr -57911 1020667 124937830 8165.34
125-Ce -66565 1030103 124928540 8240.82
125-Ag -64702 1036846 124930540 8294.77
125-La -73895 1038217 124920670 8305.74
125-Ba -79530.73 1044634.29 124914620.23 8357.07
125-Cd -73357.78 1044720.17 124921247.17 8357.76
125-Cs -84090.73 1049976.64 124909724.87 8399.81
125-In -80479.78 1051059.81 124913601.39 8408.48
125-Xe -87189.47 1053857.74 124906398.24 8430.86
125-Sn -85897.78 1055695.46 124907784.92 8445.56
125-I -88842.02 1056292.64 124904624.15 8450.34
125-Te -89027.79 1057260.76 124904424.72 8458.09
125-Sb -88261.09 1057276.42 124905247.8 8458.21
126-Nd -53030 1023075 125943070 8119.64
126-Pr -60258 1031086 125935310 8183.22
126-Ag -61013 1041229 125934500 8263.72
126-Ce -70700 1042311 125924100 8272.31
126-La -75106 1047499 125919370 8313.48
126-Cd -72326.78 1051760.49 125922354 8347.31
126-Ba -82675.53 1055850.42 125911244.15 8379.77
126-In -77812.78 1056464.13 125916464.53 8384.64
126-Cs -84348.68 1058305.91 125909447.95 8399.25
126-I -87914.96 1063436.91 125905619.39 8439.98
126-Sb -86397.78 1063484.43 125907248.15 8440.35
126-Sn -86019.78 1063888.78 125907653.95 8443.56
126-Xe -89172.96 1063912.55 125904268.87 8443.75
126-Te -90070.29 1066374.59 125903305.54 8463.29
127-Nd -55424 1033541 126940500 8138.12
127-Pr -64431 1043331 126930830 8215.2
127-Ag -58796 1047083 126936880 8244.75
127-Ce -71958 1051639 126922750 8280.62
127-Cd -68525.51 1056030.55 126926434.82 8315.2
127-La -78096 1058560 126916160 8335.12
127-In -76993.51 1063716.19 126917344.05 8375.72
127-Ba -82789.94 1064036.14 126911121.33 8378.24
127-Cs -86239.94 1068268.5 126907417.6 8411.56
127-Sn -83507.51 1069447.84 126910350.98 8420.85
127-Xe -88324.64 1071135.55 126905179.58 8434.14
127-Sb -86708.51 1071866.49 126906914.56 8439.89
127-I -88987.08 1072580.35 126904468.42 8445.51
127-Te -88289.51 1072665.13 126905217.29 8446.18
128-Pm -48195 1033601 127948260 8075.01
128-Nd -60184 1046372 127935390 8174.78
128-Pr -66322 1053293 127928800 8228.85
128-Cd -67290.54 1062866.9 127927760.62 8303.65
128-Ce -75572 1063325 127918870 8307.23
128-La -78759.73 1067294.9 127915447.94 8338.24
128-In -74360.54 1069154.55 127920170.66 8352.77
128-Ba -85409.73 1074727.25 127908308.87 8396.31
128-Cs -85932.25 1076032.13 127907747.92 8406.5
128-Sn -83336.14 1077347.79 127910534.95 8416.78
128-Sb -84610.08 1077839.37 127909167.33 8420.62
128-I -87741.83 1079406.42 127905805.25 8432.86
128-Xe -89860.81 1080743.04 127903530.44 8443.31
128-Te -88993.64 1081440.58 127904461.38 8448.75
129-Pm -52946 1046423 128943160 8111.81
129-Nd -62173 1056433 128933254 8189.4
129-Pr -69992 1065034 128924860 8256.08
129-Cd -63099 1066747 128932260 8269.36
129-Ce -76300 1072124 128918089 8311.04
129-In -72975.13 1075840.46 128921657.96 8339.85
129-La -81349.84 1077956.34 128912667.33 8356.25
129-Ba -85069.84 1082458.69 128908673.75 8391.15
129-Sn -80630.13 1082713.1 128913439.98 8393.12
129-Cs -87501.4 1085672.6 128906063.37 8416.07
129-Sb -84626.13 1085926.75 128909150.09 8418.04
129-Te -87005.63 1087523.9 128906595.59 8430.42
129-Xe -88697.35 1087650.91 128904779.46 8431.4
129-I -88503.57 1088239.49 128904987.49 8435.97
130-Sm -47851 1048617 129948630 8066.28
130-Pm -55470 1057019 129940450 8130.92
130-Nd -66341 1068672 129928780 8220.55
130-Cd -61497 1073216 129933980 8255.51
130-Pr -71371 1074484 129923380 8265.26
130-In -69997.16 1080933.81 129924854.94 8314.88
130-Ce -79462 1083358 129914694 8333.52
130-La -81673 1086351 129912320 8356.55
130-Sn -80246.16 1090400.46 129913852.19 8387.7
130-Sb -82393.93 1091765.87 129911546.46 8398.2
130-Ba -87271.21 1092731.39 129906310.48 8405.63
130-Cs -86902.64 1093145.16 129906706.16 8408.81
130-I -86932.58 1094739.81 129906674.02 8421.08
130-Te -87352.93 1095942.52 129906222.75 8430.33
130-Xe -89881.8 1096906.68 129903507.9 8437.74
131-Sm -50403 1059241 130945890 8085.81
131-Pm -59802 1069422 130935800 8163.53
131-Nd -67903.39 1078305.47 130927102.7 8231.34
131-Pr -74463.39 1085647.83 130920060.25 8287.39
131-In -68215.71 1087223.68 130926767.41 8299.42
131-Ce -79713.39 1091680.18 130914424.14 8333.44
131-Sn -77389.31 1095614.93 130916919.14 8363.47
131-La -83733.39 1096482.53 130910108.49 8370.1
131-Sb -82021.31 1099464.57 130911946.49 8392.86
131-Ba -86693.39 1100224.89 130906930.8 8398.66
131-Te -85211.31 1101872.22 130908521.88 8411.24
131-Cs -88063.21 1102377.06 130905460.23 8415.09
131-I -87444.76 1103323.32 130906124.17 8422.32
131-Xe -88415.61 1103511.81 130905081.92 8423.75
132-Eu -42700 1058826 131954160 8021.41
132-Sm -55126 1072035 131940820 8121.48
132-Pm -61711 1079403 131933750 8177.3
132-In -62485.54 1089564.83 131932919.01 8254.28
132-Nd -71613 1090087 131923120 8258.23
132-Pr -75339 1094595 131919120 8292.39
132-Ce -82447 1102485 131911490 8352.16
132-Sn -76620.54 1102917.48 131917744.46 8355.44
132-La -83731.61 1104552.08 131910110.4 8367.82
132-Sb -79723.54 1105238.12 131914413.25 8373.02
132-Cs -87160.07 1109545.24 131906429.8 8405.65
132-I -85702.54 1109652.42 131907994.53 8406.46
132-Te -85209.54 1109941.77 131908523.78 8408.65
132-Ba -88439.61 1110042.43 131905056.15 8409.41
132-Xe -89279.54 1112447.06 131904154.46 8427.63
133-Eu -47599 1071797 132948900 8058.62
133-Sm -57073 1082053 132938730 8135.74
133-Pm -65465 1091228 132929720 8204.72
133-In -57436 1092587 132938340 8214.94
133-Nd -72461 1099006 132922210 8263.2
133-Sn -70966.71 1105334.98 132923814.09 8310.79
133-Pr -78059 1105386 132916200 8311.17
133-Ce -82391 1110500 132911550 8349.62
133-Sb -78956.71 1112542.62 132915236.47 8364.98
133-La -85328.22 1114220.01 132908396.37 8377.59
133-Te -82959.71 1115763.27 132910939.07 8389.2
133-Ba -87558.22 1117232.36 132906002.37 8400.24
133-I -85877.71 1117898.92 132907806.47 8405.26
133-Cs -88075.66 1118532.16 132905446.87 8410.02
133-Xe -87648.3 1118887.15 132905905.66 8412.69
134-Eu -50003 1082272 133946320 8076.66
134-Sm -61460 1094511 133934020 8167.99
134-In -51549 1094771 133944660 8169.93
134-Pm -66611 1100445 133928490 8212.28
134-Sn -66635.74 1109075.33 133928463.58 8276.68
134-Nd -75781 1110397 133918645 8286.54
134-Pr -78551 1113950 133915672 8313.06
134-Sb -74005.74 1115662.97 133920551.55 8325.84
134-Ce -84741.37 1120922.13 133909026.38 8365.09
134-La -85241.37 1122204.48 133908489.61 8374.66
134-Te -82399.44 1123274.32 133911540.55 8382.64
134-I -83949.44 1124041.96 133909876.55 8388.37
134-Cs -86895.88 1125423.7 133906713.42 8398.68
134-Ba -88954.55 1126700.01 133904503.35 8408.21
134-Xe -88124.44 1127434.61 133905394.5 8413.69
135-Eu -54287 1094628 134941720 8108.36
135-Sm -63016 1104138 134932350 8178.8
135-Sn -60799 1111310 134934730 8231.93
135-Pm -70219 1112124 134924617 8237.96
135-Nd -76159 1118846 134918240 8287.75
135-Sb -69705.58 1119434.14 134925167.96 8292.1
135-Pr -80910.36 1124380.09 134913139.14 8328.74
135-Te -77825.58 1126771.79 134916450.78 8346.46
135-Ce -84630.36 1128882.44 134909145.56 8362.09
135-La -86655.94 1131690.38 134906971 8382.89
135-I -83787.58 1131951.43 134910050.31 8384.83
135-Ba -87855.94 1133672.73 134905682.75 8397.58
135-Xe -86435.65 1133817.14 134907207.5 8398.65
135-Cs -87586.6 1134185.74 134905971.9 8401.38
136-Gd -49304 1096933 135947070 8065.68
136-Eu -56355 1104767 135939500 8123.29
136-Sn -56504 1115087 135939340 8199.17
136-Sm -66788 1115982 135928300 8205.75
136-Pm -71307.84 1121284.19 135923447.87 8244.74
136-Sb -64590 1122390

KitemanSA
Posts: 6179
Joined: Sun Sep 28, 2008 3:05 pm
Location: OlyPen WA

Post by KitemanSA »

D Tibbets wrote: "Ni62 = BE avg/nucleon 8.795 BE 545.259
Pb206 = BE avg/nucleon 7.875 BE 1622.693
Ca40 = BE avg/nucleon 8.551 BE 342.052"
.....
Cu63 = BE avg/nucleon= 8.76 , and the derived BE= 551.8 MeV

BE= BEave/nucleon * number of nucleons.

Examples based on the above numbers:

To add one nucleon to Ni62 = 8.795 BE avg/nucleon * 62 nucleons= 545.25 MeV (matches the number above)
Resultant Cu63= 8.76/ nucleon * 63 nucleons = 551 MeV.
The binding energy has increased by ~6 MeV

To add one nucleon to Ca40= 8.551/ nucleon *41 nucleons= 538 MeV. Compared to Ca 40 which has a BE of 342.052 MeV, this represents a BE of ~ - 196. The binding energy has decreased.
Dan, CHECK YOUR NUMBERS!!!
Ca40= 8.551/ nucleon *41 nucleons= 351 not what you said. Binding energy INCREASES by ~ 9MeV!
Then he wrote: To add one nucleon to Pb206 = 8.551/ nucleon *207 nucleons= 1630 MeV. Compared to Pb206 the binding energy has increased by ~ 7.5 MeV

Using these referenced and hopefully accurate numbers within these three example, several things are obvious. A fusion below Ni62 resulted in a loss of binding energy, while the two examples of of fusion above Ni62 resulted in increased binding energy.
All of the cases result in increased binding energy. Your conclusion is incorrect.

D Tibbets
Posts: 2775
Joined: Thu Jun 26, 2008 6:52 am

Post by D Tibbets »

KitemanSA wrote:
D Tibbets wrote: "Ni62 = BE avg/nucleon 8.795 BE 545.259
Pb206 = BE avg/nucleon 7.875 BE 1622.693
Ca40 = BE avg/nucleon 8.551 BE 342.052"
.....
Cu63 = BE avg/nucleon= 8.76 , and the derived BE= 551.8 MeV

BE= BEave/nucleon * number of nucleons.

Examples based on the above numbers:

To add one nucleon to Ni62 = 8.795 BE avg/nucleon * 62 nucleons= 545.25 MeV (matches the number above)
Resultant Cu63= 8.76/ nucleon * 63 nucleons = 551 MeV.
The binding energy has increased by ~6 MeV

To add one nucleon to Ca40= 8.551/ nucleon *41 nucleons= 538 MeV. Compared to Ca 40 which has a BE of 342.052 MeV, this represents a BE of ~ - 196. The binding energy has decreased.
Dan, CHECK YOUR NUMBERS!!!
Ca40= 8.551/ nucleon *41 nucleons= 351 not what you said. Binding energy INCREASES by ~ 9MeV!
Then he wrote: To add one nucleon to Pb206 = 8.551/ nucleon *207 nucleons= 1630 MeV. Compared to Pb206 the binding energy has increased by ~ 7.5 MeV

Using these referenced and hopefully accurate numbers within these three example, several things are obvious. A fusion below Ni62 resulted in a loss of binding energy, while the two examples of of fusion above Ni62 resulted in increased binding energy.
All of the cases result in increased binding energy. Your conclusion is incorrect.
Sigh, your right, I made a math error. The Ca40 --->Ca41 would be ~ 351 MeV total binding energy.
The binding energy has approached closer to Ni62. This fits the stipulation that as Ni61 binding energy levels are approached the reaction is exothermic. Otherwise I was only confusing the issue (once again).

Once again- do not use the binding energy / nucleon graph, where the Ni62 is the peak/ highest point on the graph. Instead use the recipical of this as has been shown in several links. Now the Ni62 represents the nadar or minimum on the chart where the Y axis is 1/ binding energy/ nucleon.
This shows an energy well . At the bottom the Ni62 represents the minimum potential energy, while the opposite ends of the graph represents the maximum potential energy. As the nuclei form and become heavier they fall down the potential well, trading potential energy for kinetic (heat) energy. As the nuclei grow to sizes heavier than Ni62 they begin climbing back up the potential well, trading kinetic energy (heat) for potential energy.
Ni 62 is the tightest, most compact nucleus. It has the highest kinetic energy (is the hottest). This is evidenced by the heat needed to form it, compared to hydrogen, deuterium fusion, and earlier triple alpha steps in stars.

There can be a comparison to gravitational energy wells. At the bottom of the gravitational well, the particles are compressed to the maximum amount allowed, and in the process the maximum kinetic energy is reached (hottest state). Expanding the particle cloud again reduces the heat and increases the gravitational potential energy.
Another comparison would be a compressed gas. As you compress the gas molecules to a smaller volume the density increases and , heat is released. As the gas expands it cools off. All three of these processes is dependent on the most dense state acheiable. For nuclear binding energy/ nucleon or in this comparison 1/ nuclear binding energy/ nucleon) the density is the critical measure. gravity confined particles/ per unit volume, gas molecules / unit volume, and nucleons/ unit volume.

With this perspective, my efforts to reconcile the total binding energy of a nucleus with the packing fraction (density) is not really important. The only required value needed to predict the energy balance is the nuclear binding energy/ nucleon ( or the recipical of that- the density).

Another comparison. Use the volume of a container of gas as an analog for the volume of a nucleus. You could have 10,000 molecules of a gas (nucleons) in a liter, or you could have 5,000 molecules in 0.5 liters. The density is the same, and in this static situation the temperatures would be the same. A boring state like the elements floating around. But introduce a dynamic process that changes the conditions- in this case the volume of the container (volume of a nucleus) and things start happening. Reduce the volume of liter bottle containing 10,000 molecules to 0.5 liters, and the gas heats up as the density doubles. Increase the 0.5 liter bottle with 5,000 gas molecules and the density drops, as does the temperature/ kinetic energy.
The numbers of the molecules is not all important, only the change in density- the ratio between the numbers and the volume.

Dan Tibbets
To error is human... and I'm very human.

D Tibbets
Posts: 2775
Joined: Thu Jun 26, 2008 6:52 am

Post by D Tibbets »

This is a duplicate of a link that I found while arguing with KitemanSA in another thread. I reproduce it as it is a portal to many articles about nuclear binding energy and it's significance to the energy balance. Click on the graphs to go to the articles-

http://www.google.com/search?q=nuclear+ ... 16&bih=591

Dan Tibbets
To error is human... and I'm very human.

WizWom
Posts: 371
Joined: Fri May 07, 2010 1:00 pm
Location: St Joseph, MO
Contact:

Post by WizWom »

D Tibbets wrote: Note that there are errors in this post. See my next post for a more reasoned and fact supported analysis.

Let me try some algebra.

Binding energy/ nucleon chart gives values from ~ 0- 8.9 MeV on the low side of Ni62 and ~ 8.9 MeV to ~ 6 MeV on the high side (these numbers are approximations).
Moron. Using 1 sig fig in a calculation of the change in the 6the and 7th decimal places of mass-energy is going to give you nonsense.
D Tibbets wrote:
f(x) = a/b *c
f(x)= energy yield
a= binding energy
b= nucleon
c= number of nucleons in the nucleus

The values are emperically determined from the graph and I have linked at least one source derived ~ values.

Solving for the equation for Ni62 yields:
energy yield for Ni62 + P ---> Cu63
8.9 MeV / nuclon * 62 nucleons ---> 8.7 MeV/ nucleon * 63 = 551 MeV ---> 548 MeV .
Like I said, Moron. Proper way: c^2*(mass in-mass out) = energy change.
Which is, in MeV and amu: 931.46*(61.9283488+1.0078250321-62.9296011) = 931.46*0.0065727321 = 6.1222 MeV released
D Tibbets wrote: The total binding energy drops by ~ 3 MeV. As this binding energy represents the energy released, it is clear that it took more energy to make the Ni62, than it did to make the Cu63. This is an endothermic reaction.

This is only one simple example, and admittedly the empirical MeV numbers per nucleon is estimates, but I think this shows the trend.
Garbage in, Garbage out. The only trend you show is that you have no clue.
Wandering Kernel of Happiness

KitemanSA
Posts: 6179
Joined: Sun Sep 28, 2008 3:05 pm
Location: OlyPen WA

Post by KitemanSA »

Wiz,
Thank you for your support, but please not that way. Play nice please?

Your first point is partially true, there are perhaps too few digits to be highly accurate, but his bigger problem here is that he used bad values.

62Ni BE/A = 8.7945 MeV, not 8.9 as written; he is off in the second decimal.
63Cu BE/A = 8.75208 MeV, not 8.7 as written, also off in the second decimal.
Dan, for some reason, seems to be generally reasonable about all issues... except this one. He seems most willing to cook the books to get the answer he seems fixated on. Oh well.

WizWom
Posts: 371
Joined: Fri May 07, 2010 1:00 pm
Location: St Joseph, MO
Contact:

Post by WizWom »

KitemanSA wrote:Wiz,
Thank you for your support, but please not that way. Play nice please?

Dan, for some reason, seems to be generally reasonable about all issues... except this one. He seems most willing to cook the books to get the answer he seems fixated on. Oh well.
Sorry. I could work this sort of mass defect calculation out when I was a kid, it is VERY basic math (although deriving it and proving it is something I could not do until Calc III). So, yes, "Moron" is the term for someone who cannot manage to do the math - and yet publicly exposes their ignorance despite that. No one told Dan he had to defend Iron as the Most Stable Element to the point of absurdity.

Furthermore, what the chart misses is the energy required to overcome the coulomb barrier, that is, what energy you need the proton to have to actually get close enough to the nucleus to be considered an event. If you charted that against the energy per nucleon chart, then you find that at about Iron you wind up needing more energy in than you get out... which is the point at which fusion rates would drastically drop.
Wandering Kernel of Happiness

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