Some new info here.
http://coldfusionnow.wordpress.com/2011 ... -stampede/
10KW LENR Demonstrator?
Going back to the assumption that the secret catalyst must be radioactive based of the reluctance to allow radiation analyzers to be used during the first demo of the Rossi reactor. And taking into account the interest Rossi had in waste to oil production using nickel catalysts, a new radioactive catalyst candidate has emerged.
Technetium-99 decays almost entirely by beta decay (.294 MeV is about 10% of the speed of light), emitting beta particles with consistent electron energies and no accompanying gamma rays.
Moreover, its long half-life means that this emission decreases very slowly with time. It can also be extracted to a high chemical and isotopic purity from radioactive waste. It is a world class beta emitter which has been considered for nanoscale nuclear battery applications. In other words, Technetium produces fast (heavy) electrons in great abundance.
Like rhenium and palladium, technetium can serve as a catalyst. For some reactions, for example the dehydrogenation of isopropyl alcohol or saturated fats, it is a far more effective catalyst than either rhenium or palladium and is the top absorber of hydrogen among all the metals.
Its melting point is very high at 2200C and it can take the high heat in Rossi’s reactor.
Reaction of technetium with hydrogen produces the negatively charged hydride [TcH9] ion.
You can see that Technetium can absorb a huge load of hydrogen.
On another note, rare earths have some of the lowest work factors around. They are in the 2.5 range give or take.
It has been found that the radiation from Technetium lowers there work factors substantially. That means that these rare earth elements radiate electrons like crazy; that is, there thermionic electron emissions are very large.
When a combination of the rare earth oxides: europium oxide, ytterbium oxide and lutetium oxide are used in combination with Technetium their already low work functions compound on themselves reducing there combined work functions even further thereby generating large thermionic electron emissions at low temperatures. This work function reduction is somehow produced as a result of the radiation from Technetium.
This conjecture supports both the production of both vast amounts of high speed electrons and the absorption of loads of hydrogen; two key factors that must be optimized for LENR to occur.
This Technetium and the rare earth admixture is now my leading contender for the Rossi secret catalyzer. It is also consistent with what the Rossi patent states.
The Case for Technetium-99Edmund Storms: Rossi hit upon this somewhat by accident. He was using a nickel catalyst to explore ways of making a fuel by combining hydrogen and carbon monoxide and apparently, observed quite by accident, that his [?????] was making extra energy. So then he explored it from that point of view and, apparently, over a year or two, amplified the effect.
He’s exploring the gas loading area of the field. This is also a region, a method used in the heavy water, or the heavy hydrogen, system. But in this case, it was light hydrogen, ordinary hydrogen and nickel and what happens is quite amazing.
You create the right conditions in the nickel, and he has a secret method for doing that, and all you do is add hydrogen to it and it makes huge amounts of energy based upon a nuclear reaction.”
Technetium-99 decays almost entirely by beta decay (.294 MeV is about 10% of the speed of light), emitting beta particles with consistent electron energies and no accompanying gamma rays.
Moreover, its long half-life means that this emission decreases very slowly with time. It can also be extracted to a high chemical and isotopic purity from radioactive waste. It is a world class beta emitter which has been considered for nanoscale nuclear battery applications. In other words, Technetium produces fast (heavy) electrons in great abundance.
Like rhenium and palladium, technetium can serve as a catalyst. For some reactions, for example the dehydrogenation of isopropyl alcohol or saturated fats, it is a far more effective catalyst than either rhenium or palladium and is the top absorber of hydrogen among all the metals.
Its melting point is very high at 2200C and it can take the high heat in Rossi’s reactor.
Reaction of technetium with hydrogen produces the negatively charged hydride [TcH9] ion.
You can see that Technetium can absorb a huge load of hydrogen.
On another note, rare earths have some of the lowest work factors around. They are in the 2.5 range give or take.
It has been found that the radiation from Technetium lowers there work factors substantially. That means that these rare earth elements radiate electrons like crazy; that is, there thermionic electron emissions are very large.
When a combination of the rare earth oxides: europium oxide, ytterbium oxide and lutetium oxide are used in combination with Technetium their already low work functions compound on themselves reducing there combined work functions even further thereby generating large thermionic electron emissions at low temperatures. This work function reduction is somehow produced as a result of the radiation from Technetium.
This conjecture supports both the production of both vast amounts of high speed electrons and the absorption of loads of hydrogen; two key factors that must be optimized for LENR to occur.
This Technetium and the rare earth admixture is now my leading contender for the Rossi secret catalyzer. It is also consistent with what the Rossi patent states.
Axil,
A mild argument against a radioactive catalyst is the manner Rossi is able to have his enterprise cross several international boundaries. The article above suggests the 1MW test will be in the USA. Most governments would associate an energy producing device that includes radioactive elements and any radiation emission with a traditional nuclear reactor, complete with all the headaches and controls we see with that. Rossi is demonstrating no such concerns.
But then again he is preventing observers from analyzing the emission spectrum, which supports the radioactive catalyst thought.
On Rossi's mannerism through this he is moving forward as though his riches will be in selling these things. If anything he is thumbing his nose at the media, the opposite tact of the traditional scammer.
A mild argument against a radioactive catalyst is the manner Rossi is able to have his enterprise cross several international boundaries. The article above suggests the 1MW test will be in the USA. Most governments would associate an energy producing device that includes radioactive elements and any radiation emission with a traditional nuclear reactor, complete with all the headaches and controls we see with that. Rossi is demonstrating no such concerns.
But then again he is preventing observers from analyzing the emission spectrum, which supports the radioactive catalyst thought.
On Rossi's mannerism through this he is moving forward as though his riches will be in selling these things. If anything he is thumbing his nose at the media, the opposite tact of the traditional scammer.
Aragosta wrote:Axil,
A mild argument against a radioactive catalyst is the manner Rossi is able to have his enterprise cross several international boundaries. The article above suggests the 1MW test will be in the USA. Most governments would associate an energy producing device that includes radioactive elements and any radiation emission with a traditional nuclear reactor, complete with all the headaches and controls we see with that. Rossi is demonstrating no such concerns.
But then again he is preventing observers from analyzing the emission spectrum, which supports the radioactive catalyst thought.
On Rossi's mannerism through this he is moving forward as though his riches will be in selling these things. If anything he is thumbing his nose at the media, the opposite tact of the traditional scammer.
Beta emitters are used in a variety of applications including industrial instruments, such as industrial thickness gauges, using their weak penetrating power to measure very thin materials. Technetium is also a commercial catalyst with industrial applications.
Rossi wants to restrict his reactor to industrial applications. Maybe he is just getting in front of the beta emissions issue.
Because of the beta emissions, it just might be that an industrial setting is the only environment where operation of his reactor will be permitted and he knows it.
Yes: there’ll be a stampede to buy these things...radiation be dammed.Dr. Edmund Storms: “Well, they’re planning to use this as a source of energy in a factory in Greece, and they’re making arrangements in Greece for this to be incorporated into an industrial application, an industrial factory.
It has to be done in industry at this level because we don’t know if it’s safe, we don’t know it’s characteristics, we just don’t know enough about it to put it into individual homes. This is what he says, and it’s quite rational. It has to be explored, its characteristics have to be understood in an industrial environment, so they’re going to do that in Greece.
Of course, he’s taking orders, and I’m sure there’ll be people from all over the world, where regulations are not so quite severe, and minds are more open than they are here, and they’ll buy units, and put them in their factories, and suddenly the cost of energy to those companies will go down significantly, and all of a sudden people will panic, and then there’ll be a stampede to buy these things.”
Your speculations are boundless, and I rather think you are reading so much more into this than Rossi ever has!!Axil wrote:Technetium-99 decays almost entirely by beta decay (.294 MeV is about 10% of the speed of light), emitting beta particles with consistent electron energies and no accompanying gamma rays.
It is amazing how you can just keep on going with this!!...(You do realise you are talking to yourself here, do you?.... speculations founded on speculations are one thing, you are taking it several stages further. Quite creative!)
Just to get at least the facts right here - a 0.294MeV electron will be travelling at .77c
Technetium is a strange choice, given the criteria you've set yourself. A synthetic element with a fairly low energy beta. Why not go for strontium 90? The 2.28MeV electron from its daughter would be travelling at 0.98c.
-
GIThruster
- Posts: 4686
- Joined: Tue May 25, 2010 8:17 pm
GIThruster,
Here is yet another one to add to the pile.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jze7KtdHfh8
I suppose it is only a matter of time before chrismb adds the hundreds (thousands?) of workers you reference to his list of frauds and charlatans.
Here is yet another one to add to the pile.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jze7KtdHfh8
I suppose it is only a matter of time before chrismb adds the hundreds (thousands?) of workers you reference to his list of frauds and charlatans.
Talk about falling off the planet. What ever happened to Patterson and his grandson, Jim Reding?
I think Reding died (at a young age, 30ish) and Patterson has also disappeared (or since died).
That was an interesting story, one that almost begs of a big energy buyout and burial. As far as I know, no one ever discredited the tests. But who knows for sure...?
I think Reding died (at a young age, 30ish) and Patterson has also disappeared (or since died).
That was an interesting story, one that almost begs of a big energy buyout and burial. As far as I know, no one ever discredited the tests. But who knows for sure...?
Looks like James Patterson did die in 2008. However, it appears that his Daughter is moving forward with the technology.
http://www.newenergytimes.com/v2/views/ ... rson.shtml
What is interesting is that this guy did invent some serious things. One of which is "WoundSeal". A high use clotting agent.
http://www.newenergytimes.com/v2/views/ ... rson.shtml
What is interesting is that this guy did invent some serious things. One of which is "WoundSeal". A high use clotting agent.
ladajo,
Yes, Patterson died in 2008. See below from Krivit.
I haven't heard anything more recent about it, but it is worth noting Patterson turned down a $10 million offer from Motorola for the technology.
I think the West has been short sighted in declaring LENR doesn't exist because it can't be explained by current theory, although I read that the Navy now has a branch doing active research & publishing papers, while other US departments are being funded but told not to publish.
THe problem seems to be that any failure must be caused by incompetence, that only the skeptic can identify. The whole topic has become so scorned that LENR researchers are saying the best route forward is to make devices that work and ignore the difficulty of getting published.... As Rossi is doing.
Yes, Patterson died in 2008. See below from Krivit.
"James "Doc" Patterson died on Feb. 11 after several days of illness related to a heart attack, according to one of his daughters, Mandy Davis. Patterson is also survived by daughters Sherrill and Valerie and son Vance. Patterson had been an early pioneer in cold fusion research and dared to go where few others were willing: using light water instead of heavy water in his experiments.
Davis, who had worked with "Doc" in his LENR lab and also on his biomedical products, will follow through with the LENR patent applications and licensing agreement that were in process at the time of Patterson's passing. Davis mentioned a LENR cell that "Doc" had been working on—powered initially by solar photovoltaics—that was self-sustaining.
"You might find it interesting to know that right up until the last couple of weeks of his life he was continuing to work on LENR," Davis said. "The world lost a pretty amazing mind."
I haven't heard anything more recent about it, but it is worth noting Patterson turned down a $10 million offer from Motorola for the technology.
I think the West has been short sighted in declaring LENR doesn't exist because it can't be explained by current theory, although I read that the Navy now has a branch doing active research & publishing papers, while other US departments are being funded but told not to publish.
THe problem seems to be that any failure must be caused by incompetence, that only the skeptic can identify. The whole topic has become so scorned that LENR researchers are saying the best route forward is to make devices that work and ignore the difficulty of getting published.... As Rossi is doing.
Technetium is both and extreme LENR element and an ideal fit for Rossi.Technetium is a strange choice, given the criteria you've set yourself. A synthetic element with a fairly low energy beta.
It is extreme because it produces heavy electrons is large numbers, these electrons are central in the LENR W-L theory.
Widom-Larsen LENR theory says that the surface conditions on the hydride allow for enough energy to allow a electron and a proton to transform into a neutron; reverse beta decay.
For Technetium, the energy of the beta emissions range from .3 to .4 MeV.It was shown that the collective plasma oscillations on the surface can contribute some of their electric energy to an electron so that the following reaction becomes kinematically allowed
Welectric + e− + p → n + _e. (1)
The relevant scale of the electric field E and the plasma frequency needed to accelerate electrons to trigger neutron production is found to be about .5 MeV.
In these quantum mechanical subatomic reactions, resonance levels are important. When a resonance level is achieved the probability of a proton and electron turning into a neutron goes way up. When these beta rays share their energy with the plasma on the surface of the hydride, the conditions are good for reverse beta decay to occur. Too much energy is just as bad as too little energy.
Technetium is a goldilocks electron source. When added to the electric field strength on the surface of the hydride and the nano-powder lattice vibrational energy provided by the heater element driven by the control box, it adds up just perfect.
for an electron to undergo a
weak interaction say with a proton in an ion and produce
a neutron requires MeV range of energies (due the
fact that the neutron is heavier than the proton by about
1.3 MeV and hence there is an energy “threshold” which
must be overcome). It follows then that for neutron
production (and subsequent nuclear transmutations) via
weak interactions, special conditions in condensed matter
systems must be found which accelerate an electron to
MeV range of energies.
Also Technetium is the BEST hydrogen packer that there is. You can not do any better. Palladium is not even is the same ballpark.
Remember, Rossi got into trouble with the Italian government when he collected Italian waste for his trash to oil project. He wanted to turn this waste into SynOil using catalysis. Technetium is oftentimes used in the trash to oil process and he most probably experimented with Technetium in his SynOil research. Technetium is not common stuff but Rossi is just the kind of guy to give it a try.Ny Teknik: We talked with the Swedish physicist Hanno Essén who has the hypothesis that it may involve runaway electrons at relativistic speeds (near speed of light) that form a kind of plasma (his paper here). Would that be possible?
“It is certainly a very intelligent theory. The person who says this surely has a very high level of preparation. It demonstrates that we must be very careful not to expose anything before the patent is granted,” Rossi answered.
I am adapting my speculations based on the facts that are revealed as more info comes out over time and then these facts are correlated with current LENR theory. So sorry…please excuse me… I know I should have gotten the correct answer the first time out, but bear with me; I think we are really close now.
I googled this.I ask the questions again [if I dare!!!]; where are you going to get technetium from [to make this a commercialised product]
Cost
Until 1960, technetium was available only in small amounts and the price was as high as $2800/g. It is now commercially available to holders of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (O.R.N.L.) permits at a price of $60/g.
Yittrium is not a hydrogen catalyst whereas technetium is and Rossi has probably experimented with it.and why is a low energy beta from technetium better than the high energy beta from Yittrium [strontium-90's daughter]?
The radioactive isotope of Yittrium may work well in a LENR environment as an electron donor but it is highly unlikely that Rossi would have thought to use Yittrium in his waste to oil trials.
I have not seen any mention of beta emitters being used in LENR experiments. Who knows, beta emiters might be one of the good LENR enablers, only experimentation can tell.
The Rossi background gestalt constrains the choice to a radioactive CATALYST. Technetium is the best and only radioactive hydrogen catalyst that I have found so far.
Ah... your edit... so do you think ORNL is ready to gear up to supply a mass market?Axil wrote:I googled this.
Cost
Until 1960, technetium was available only in small amounts and the price was as high as $2800/g. It is now commercially available to holders of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (O.R.N.L.) permits at a price of $60/g.