Diogenes wrote:
But humans are so smart that they can dream up religions which conflict with the natural ideas of injustice. This idea of a God and spirituality is, i'll wager, above the mental capacities of most monkeys. Even if it is not, how would they communicate such ideas to others so as to enforce compliance?
. . .But where do these ideas come from that this should not be done? As has been pointed out above, the Western world has been pretty misogynistic over the Centuries, and it has only been a comparatively recent phenomena in which we have desisted.
What principle or philosophy informs us that we should treat women as equals? Surely you don't think this idea is universal? It wasn't even universal in our own culture until recently.
I think historically it is easy to trace the notion of equality to Christianity, for instance in the New Testament statements of things like treating women as "joint heirs in the grace of Christ". The details of this are to be found in the documents of the Women's Suffrage movement, beginning in Scandinavia and spreading like wild fire across all the West. There are earlier presages of this however. Even in truly patriarchal societies like ancient Israel, we find the law is written that Men and Women are equal under the law (which we never find in practice in Islam) and that polygamy while acceptable (because of the economic advantages in a subsistence level culture) monogamy is the goal to attain to. People don't note because ancient Israel's kings were not obedient to their specific instructions on this issue, but the Kings were required by Moses' Law, to be monogamous. Despite this, Solomon had more than 1,000 wives and concubines so the intention of the law is easily lost. Moses is indeed saying this is the better way, without saying so.
This is how Jewish and Christian dealings with culture always are. When they come against a cultural practice that needs to change, like slavery; they don't condemn and fix it directly. Rather, they plant the principles of the better way to make the replacement and wait for that to grow on its own. There is no "social gospel". There is no commission to reform cultures. The commission in Christianity is to reform people, and those people inevitably make their way to reforming culture because it eventually becomes obvious, there are injustices to cope with. This is not however, the primary function of true religion. It is a culturally reforming function to be sure, but making better cultures is completely secondary to the tasks of making better people, and learning to appreciate God for exactly who and What He is--the Author of all Goodness.
"Courage is not just a virtue, but the form of every virtue at the testing point." C. S. Lewis