Cold Fusion Proven True by U.S. Navy Researchers

[MirariNefas]

Bacterial colonies would be my first choice (although they don't have mitochondria, but mitochondria are symbiont bacteria so some bacteria would probably have the same ability).

Rickettsias are apparantly the closest related prokaryotic group to mitochondria. Not practical to use though.

You could choose a relatively simple eukaryote to preserve the mitochondria. It could still be unicellular and exist in completely controlled conditions.

This would take the talents of a really meticulous microbiologist plus a very good instrumental chemist, with clean facilities and an administrative environment that did not throw them out on their arses for even bringing it up.

Heh. Yeah. Maybe someday a few people in a micro lab with access to a mass spec will do it as a hobby. They sure wouldn't get any support for it.

[Axil]

When many atoms are confined in a structure of a crystal a Bose Einstein condensates begins to form.

Sounds like you're just spouting words you've heard and like the sound of.

Where have you acquired this understanding of B-E condensates?

Take a look at the work of this researcher as relates to the Bose-Einstein Condensate Theory:

http://www.physics.purdue.edu/people/fa ... ekim.shtml

Yeong E. Kim

Professor of Physics
Group Leader, Purdue Nuclear and Many-Body Theory Group
Director, Center for Sensing Science and Technology (CSST)

[icarus]

Axil: interesting find.

Kim is basically using a quantum mechanical argument (and Bose-Einstein statistics) to demonstrate particle Coulomb field suppression in an ion trap (i.e. inside metal lattice) populated by deuterons ... seems obvious in retrospect, he uses a nice simple analogy of zero electric field in center of spherical shell of charge to show why it is not such a weird concept.

Here's the kicker, at room temperature only a probablistically small proportion of deuterons will behave as per B-E stats (and hence only hit and miss success rates of current cold fusion experiments) but he says if the cells were cooled down to liquid nitrogen or liquid hydrogen type temperatures then most all deuterons would behave as per B-E stats and fusion reaction rates would be large ...

bottom line .... cool them cold fusion cells down more lads and pump that heat out!

[Tom Ligon]

I was particularly thinking that a B-E condensate literally does not stand a snowball's chance in hell of withstanding ultrasound cavitation. It is a low-temperature phenomenon, and tenuous.

I do see some interesting possibilities regarding Coulomb repulsion in them, and also in a metal lattice, but I would not say a metal lattice at room temperature has the quantum mechanical properties of a B-E condensate. It is pretty clear, though, that if LENR reactions are happening, they happen via the Gamow barrier penetration, which is quantum mechanical.

[Axil]

There is a Catch-22 situation in LENR. The heat from the nuclear reactions reduces the probability of the nuclear reactions from occurring. Such behavior is not very conducive to the design of an efficient power production system. But the case for transmutation is another story.


In like manor to LENR reactions in deuterium solutions, the intensity of sonoluminescence in a cavitating bubble system increases as the temperature of the suspension liquid is decreased. This leads me to believe that the same Bose-Einstein Condensate mechanism is at play there also.


One of the requirements of the Bose-Einstein Condensate mechanism is that the possibility of boson mobility exists. This mobility is produced by an electric current and/or a pressure gradient. In a collapsing cavatation bubble, a tremendous pressure gradient is formed near the end of the collapse.


As an example of how high the magnitude of this pressure gradient can get, the SP3 diamond crystal structure bonds of carbon are formed in just a few nanoseconds to form a 5 nanometer sized mono-crystal nano-diamond from graphite during cavatation bubble collapse.


This large pressure gradient amplifies the normally very low probability of nucleon coalescence of the chemical elements contained within the collapsing bubble so that such coalescence from time to time occurs.


In a large scale cavatation system that produces many billions of collapsing cavitation bubbles per second, the transmutation rate become substantial just through the weight of very large numbers.


Though open to dispute, some researchers have occasionally seen deuterium fusion in a small scale cavatation bubble system.

[icarus]

Here's another paper pointing towards B-E statistics overcoming Coulomb barrier for fusion ... at very low temps.

http://dragon.elc.iwate-u.ac.jp/jcf/fil ... cf5_07.pdf

a liquid nitrogen cooled pure deuterium gas under magnetic field compression in this case.

[Axil]

Yeong E. Kim states the following:

Experimental tests for metal particle size

The first experimental test of the BEC mechanism for deuterium fusion with nano-scale Pd particles was carried out in 2002 with Pd blacks loaded by high-pressure deuterium gas [44] in our laboratory in the Physics Building at Purdue University. The result of this experiment shows no excess heat production. This may be due to the fact that Pd nanoparticles (Pd Blacks) used had too large sizes (80 nm – 180 nm) and were clumped together (not isolated). The recent report of deuteron gas-loading experiment by Arata and Zhang show positive results of observing excess heat and He production using ~ 5 nm Pd particles imbedded in ZrO2 and purified deuterium. The recent experimental results by Kitamura et al. using ~ 10 nm Pd particles have confirmed the results of Arata Zhang , and also is consistent with one of theoretical predictions of the BECNF theory . The theoretical prediction is that the reaction rate for smaller Palladium particles is expected to be greater than the reaction rate for larger Palladium particles, R (smaller Pd) > R (larger Pd). Their experimental data shown in Fig. 3(a) and Fig. 3(c) in their paper [4] confirm the above prediction. Their data in Fig. 3(c) are also consistent with the requirement of deuteron mobility in metal (the observation [9]) described in [5] (in this case the reaction occurs only when the pressure gradient exists).

I propose a LENR experiment as follows:

Suppend ~ 5 nm Pd deuteride nano-particles imbedded in ZrO2 suppended in a purified heavy water cavatation bubble system. The collapsing cavatation bubbles will impose a very large pressure gradient on the Pd deuteride particles contained within the bubbles thereby amplifying BEC mechanism nuclear reactions. Use infrared cameras to determine and quantify heat activity at the center of the cavatation bubbles.

[icarus]

another tidbit that might useful .... doing the bosenova!

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosenova

Through a process called Feshbach resonance involving a sweep of the magnetic field causing spin flip collisions, the JILA researchers lowered the characteristic, discrete energies at which the rubidium atoms bond into molecules, making their Rb-85 atoms repulsive and creating a stable condensate. The reversible flip from attraction to repulsion stems from quantum interference among condensate atoms which behave as waves.

When the scientists raised the magnetic field strength still further, the condensate suddenly reverted back to attraction, imploded and shrank beyond detection, and then exploded, blowing off about two-thirds of its 10,000 or so atoms. About half of the atoms in the condensate seemed to have disappeared from the experiment altogether, not being seen either in the cold remnant or the expanding gas cloud.

Bose–Einstein condensate could not be explained because the energy state of an atom near absolute zero should not be enough to cause an implosion; however, subsequent mean field theories have been proposed to explain it.

Because supernova explosions are also preceded by an implosion, the explosion of a collapsing Bose–Einstein condensate was named "bosenova"

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bose%E2%80 ... e#Vortices

How about this using Kim's theory
bosenova phenomena = fusion

[icarus]

I propose a LENR experiment as follows:

Axil:

or how about just cool deuterium (p-B11?) to B-E ground state, under high pressure, in a strong magnetic field .... cylindrical pressure vessel, cryogenics and crank it?

keeping up with the heat out with a cryo system maybe an "engineering challenge"

[MSimon]

I propose a LENR experiment as follows:

Axil:

or how about just cool p-B11 to B-E ground state, under high pressure, in a strong magnetic field .... cylindrical pressure vessel, cryogenics and crank it?

keeping up with the heat out with a cryo system maybe an "engineering challenge"

Not only that - it is hard to get useful energy gain out of a system you have to cool.

[icarus]

it is hard to get useful energy gain out of a system you have to cool.

What?

Aren't you just talking about a heat pump? Cooling is the extraction of heat is it not?

[MSimon]

it is hard to get useful energy gain out of a system you have to cool.

What?

Aren't you just talking about a heat pump? Cooling is the extraction of heat is it not?

Dang. Do I have to visit Carnot again?

Pumping heat AGAINST a temperature gradient costs you.

[Axil]

There are direct heat to electric conversion systems that when finely turned can extract electric power at 92% efficiency.

See

http://www.inl.gov/pdfs/nantenna.pdf

[MSimon]

There are direct heat to electric conversion systems that when finely turned can extract electric power at 92% efficiency.

See

http://www.inl.gov/pdfs/nantenna.pdf

At one frequency. Like any tuned system it falls off beyond resonance.

[KitemanSA]

There are direct heat to electric conversion systems that when finely turned can extract electric power at 92% efficiency.
See
http://www.inl.gov/pdfs/nantenna.pdf

At one frequency. Like any tuned system it falls off beyond resonance.

The other point to remember is that the source for this IR is 1000s of K nd the sink is near room temp. In the LENR proposed, you need a sink near 0-K (space?) or your sink will radiate the energy back out. Getting that 0-K on Earth will eat up most if not all of the energy produced.

Now if you want an efficient solar power facility, perhaps you can use sunlight to heat an "emitter" that has a meta-material surface that makes it an IR colored body (as opposed to "black body") at the desired temperature, then use this NEC to collect. If that wasn't in the linked paper (didn't read it all), they missed a bet.

By the way, if the "emitter" has heat storage capability (read phase change material), this system could provide efficient, unvarying power, day and night. Potentially a great system.